{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208872830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3122984","title":"A 13-Bit 2-GS/s Time-Interleaved ADC With Improved Correlation-Based Timing Skew Calibration Strategy","display_name":"A 13-Bit 2-GS/s Time-Interleaved ADC With Improved Correlation-Based Timing Skew Calibration Strategy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208872830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3122984","mag":"3208872830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3122984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3122984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101907187","display_name":"Meng Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meng Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070747726","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084959547","display_name":"Fule Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7341-7240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fule Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","[Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (e-mail: lifule@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (e-mail: lifule@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025671584","display_name":"Woogeun Rhee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2473-4132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woogeun Rhee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356864","display_name":"Zhihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101907187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86187837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"2","first_page":"481","last_page":"494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.6921477913856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6620302200317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5744045376777649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.4962638020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4759235680103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-free-dynamic-range","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","score":0.470266193151474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-frequency","display_name":"Nyquist frequency","score":0.4363400936126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.4185875952243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3899473547935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.3848782777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29394713044166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.250967800617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.17163696885108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1698741614818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1626061201095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09040400385856628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.6921477913856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6620302200317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5744045376777649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.4962638020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4759235680103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119293636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657480","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.470266193151474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98273374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501757","display_name":"Nyquist frequency","level":3,"score":0.4363400936126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4185875952243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3899473547935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.3848782777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29394713044166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.250967800617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.17163696885108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1698741614818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1626061201095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09040400385856628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3122984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3122984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G350452739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018Z05JZY020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330357","funder_display_name":"Tsinghua Initiative Scientific Research Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330357","display_name":"Tsinghua Initiative Scientific Research Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107423283","https://openalex.org/W2113142084","https://openalex.org/W2118414553","https://openalex.org/W2137219772","https://openalex.org/W2184902177","https://openalex.org/W2291378518","https://openalex.org/W2526101322","https://openalex.org/W2547840869","https://openalex.org/W2574486864","https://openalex.org/W2580715839","https://openalex.org/W2582986122","https://openalex.org/W2594323471","https://openalex.org/W2768008485","https://openalex.org/W2792962047","https://openalex.org/W2801969541","https://openalex.org/W2802993124","https://openalex.org/W2808910516","https://openalex.org/W2809151566","https://openalex.org/W2898702326","https://openalex.org/W2940718798","https://openalex.org/W2947289897","https://openalex.org/W2947714370","https://openalex.org/W2981459710","https://openalex.org/W3000227939","https://openalex.org/W3014157995","https://openalex.org/W3083458528","https://openalex.org/W3090442715","https://openalex.org/W3159537255","https://openalex.org/W3168451547","https://openalex.org/W4244619305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904640696","https://openalex.org/W2752640128","https://openalex.org/W2568520569","https://openalex.org/W4206356469","https://openalex.org/W2345299457","https://openalex.org/W2942561789","https://openalex.org/W2418527074","https://openalex.org/W2997894768","https://openalex.org/W2533361262","https://openalex.org/W3092130700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,39],"paper":[1,40],"presents":[2],"an":[3,46,159],"improved":[4],"correlation-based":[5],"timing-skew":[6],"calibration":[7,88,115,124],"strategy":[8,125],"with":[9,28,68,73,130,164],"constant":[10],"input":[11,147,169],"impedance":[12,148],"characteristics.":[13],"A":[14,92],"full":[15],"sampling":[16,52,61,139],"rate":[17,168],"operating":[18,135,171],"time-interleaved":[19],"reference":[20,37,75,133],"ADC":[21,100,134,157],"(TI-RADC)":[22],"whose":[23],"interleaving":[24],"factor":[25],"is":[26,30,106],"coprime":[27],"TI-ADC":[29,55,67],"introduced":[31],"to":[32,111],"replace":[33],"the":[34,51,60,74,77,80,85,90,113,120,123,141,145,178,184],"conventional":[35],"single-channel":[36,132],"ADC.":[38],"theoretically":[41],"demonstrates":[42],"that":[43,128],"by":[44],"setting":[45],"appropriate":[47],"time":[48],"interval":[49],"between":[50],"edge":[53,62],"of":[54,63,79,89,122,161,177,196],"and":[56,58,126],"TI-RADC":[57,81,105],"aligning":[59],"each":[64,69],"channel":[65],"in":[66,108],"other":[70],"but":[71],"not":[72,83],"ADC,":[76],"skew":[78,87],"would":[82],"affect":[84],"timing":[86],"TI-ADC.":[91],"prototype":[93,156,179],"13-bit":[94],"2-GS/s":[95],"8-way":[96],"TI":[97],"pipelined":[98],"SAR":[99],"employing":[101],"a":[102,137,165,193],"1-bit":[103],"3-way":[104],"fabricated":[107],"28-nm":[109],"process":[110],"verify":[112],"presented":[114],"strategy.":[116],"Measurement":[117],"results":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"correctness":[121],"reveal":[127],"compared":[129],"using":[131],"at":[136,172],"decimated":[138],"rate,":[140],"spurs":[142],"resulting":[143],"from":[144],"time-variant":[146],"are":[149],"suppressed":[150],"more":[151],"than":[152],"20":[153],"dB.":[154],"The":[155,174],"achieves":[158],"SNDR":[160],"60.36":[162],"dB":[163],"near":[166],"Nyquist":[167],"when":[170],"2-GS/s.":[173],"power":[175],"consumption":[176],"ADCis":[180],"252.6":[181],"mW":[182,186],"(Including":[183],"4.1":[185],"estimated":[187],"digital":[188],"calibration),":[189],"which":[190],"translates":[191],"into":[192],"Walden":[194],"FoM":[195],"148.3-fJ/conversion-step.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
