{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165431948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3109239","title":"Multi-Objective Digital Design Optimization via Improved Drive Granularity Standard Cells","display_name":"Multi-Objective Digital Design Optimization via Improved Drive Granularity Standard Cells","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165431948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3109239","mag":"3165431948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3109239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3109239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.11248","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015712259","display_name":"Linan Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-7979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105785","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01reevc91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Nano-science Research Group, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-7979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Nano-science Research Group, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785","https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034601593","display_name":"Simon J. Bale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-5648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105785","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01reevc91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon J. Bale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Nano-science Research Group, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, U.K","University of York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-5648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Nano-science Research Group, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785","https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056241158","display_name":"Martin A. Trefzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105785","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01reevc91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin A. Trefzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Nano-science Research Group, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-6832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Nano-science Research Group, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785","https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9231,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77559922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"11","first_page":"4660","last_page":"4671"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.839533805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.6348148584365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6312273740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5790703296661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5508518218994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4669412672519684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-design-automation","display_name":"Electronic design automation","score":0.45182108879089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.42671000957489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-cell","display_name":"Standard cell","score":0.4260620176792145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42225173115730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4187600612640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4171673655509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3633863031864166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.34106600284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.3314814567565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32297730445861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2311403453350067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1589646339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.1315830945968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1189987063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09252214431762695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.839533805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.6348148584365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6312273740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5790703296661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5508518218994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4669412672519684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.45182108879089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.42671000957489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78401558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464496","display_name":"Standard cell","level":3,"score":0.4260620176792145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42225173115730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4187600612640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4171673655509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3633863031864166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.34106600284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3314814567565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32297730445861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2311403453350067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1589646339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.1315830945968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1189987063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09252214431762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3109239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3109239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:177857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.11248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.11248","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.11248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:184954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-6832>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/184954/1/2021_09_TCAS1_Final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.11248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.11248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.11248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.11248","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.11248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561480662","https://openalex.org/W1792249019","https://openalex.org/W1935785799","https://openalex.org/W1944814515","https://openalex.org/W1999291149","https://openalex.org/W2013135502","https://openalex.org/W2019179812","https://openalex.org/W2019520936","https://openalex.org/W2075825703","https://openalex.org/W2077021817","https://openalex.org/W2101848280","https://openalex.org/W2109287050","https://openalex.org/W2125763038","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2126693329","https://openalex.org/W2126983197","https://openalex.org/W2131834130","https://openalex.org/W2133034074","https://openalex.org/W2142637184","https://openalex.org/W2341306792","https://openalex.org/W2482869441","https://openalex.org/W2521918431","https://openalex.org/W2544022514","https://openalex.org/W2545691991","https://openalex.org/W2887097953","https://openalex.org/W2900234690","https://openalex.org/W2937574131","https://openalex.org/W2942307756","https://openalex.org/W2946425272","https://openalex.org/W4235719085","https://openalex.org/W4235968440","https://openalex.org/W4238153486","https://openalex.org/W4240432944","https://openalex.org/W4244032206","https://openalex.org/W4252332481","https://openalex.org/W4256681489","https://openalex.org/W4285292434","https://openalex.org/W4297917482","https://openalex.org/W6675079694","https://openalex.org/W6678797189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011978806","https://openalex.org/W3204573923","https://openalex.org/W3207169898","https://openalex.org/W3198354237","https://openalex.org/W2743305891","https://openalex.org/W4385309418","https://openalex.org/W2331259470","https://openalex.org/W2019954703","https://openalex.org/W1596716095","https://openalex.org/W3164904007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"tackle":[1],"the":[2,12,53,59,66,109,145,173,180,196],"complexity":[3],"of":[4,38,41,52,62,64,77,80,148,182],"state-of-the-art":[5],"electronic":[6,16],"systems,":[7],"silicon":[8],"foundries":[9],"continuously":[10],"shrink":[11],"technology":[13,68],"nodes":[14],"and":[15,48,69,85,184],"design":[17,23,35,55],"automation":[18],"(EDA)":[19],"vendors":[20],"offer":[21],"hierarchical":[22],"flows":[24],"to":[25,101],"decompose":[26],"systems":[27],"into":[28],"smaller":[29],"blocks.":[30],"However,":[31],"such":[32],"a":[33,75,119,186],"staged":[34],"methodology":[36],"consists":[37],"various":[39],"levels":[40],"abstraction,":[42],"where":[43],"margins":[44],"will":[45],"be":[46],"accumulated":[47],"result":[49],"in":[50,164,189],"degradation":[51],"overall":[54,178],"quality.":[56],"This":[57,139],"limits":[58],"full":[60],"use":[61],"capabilities":[63],"both":[65],"process":[67],"EDA":[70,123],"tools.":[71],"In":[72,117],"this":[73,165],"work,":[74],"study":[76],"drive":[78,92,110,136,175],"granularity":[79,115,176],"standard":[81,161],"cells":[82,177],"is":[83,89,126,193],"performed":[84],"an":[86],"interpolation":[87],"method":[88,142],"proposed":[90],"for":[91,128],"option":[93],"expansion":[94],"within":[95],"original":[96],"cell":[97,149],"libraries.":[98],"These":[99],"aim":[100],"investigate":[102],"how":[103,172,185],"industrial":[104],"synthesis":[105],"tools":[106],"deal":[107],"with":[108],"strength":[111,137],"selection":[112,150],"using":[113,152],"different":[114],"sets.":[116],"addition,":[118],"fully-automated,":[120],"multi-objective":[121],"(MO)":[122],"digital":[124],"flow":[125,163],"introduced":[127],"power,":[129],"performance,":[130],"area":[131],"(PPA)":[132],"optimisation":[133],"based":[134],"on":[135],"refinement.":[138],"population-based":[140],"search":[141],"better":[143,157],"handles":[144],"increased":[146],"difficulty":[147],"when":[151],"larger":[153],"logic":[154],"libraries,":[155],"producing":[156],"optimised":[158],"solutions":[159],"than":[160],"tool":[162],"case.":[166],"The":[167],"achieved":[168,194],"experimental":[169],"results":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"improved":[174],"enhance":[179],"quality":[181],"designs":[183],"significant":[187],"improvement":[188],"trading":[190],"off":[191],"PPA":[192],"by":[195],"MOEDA":[197],"flow.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2021-06-07T00:00:00"}
