{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190134129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3100266","title":"A 5 <i>\u03bc</i>W Standard Cell Memory-Based Configurable Hyperdimensional Computing Accelerator for Always-on Smart Sensing","display_name":"A 5 <i>\u03bc</i>W Standard Cell Memory-Based Configurable Hyperdimensional Computing Accelerator for Always-on Smart Sensing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190134129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3100266","mag":"3190134129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3100266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3100266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/870148","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046213192","display_name":"Manuel Eggimann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-7585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Eggimann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-7585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050167359","display_name":"Abbas Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-4970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research\u2013Z\u00fcrich Laboratory, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-4970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research\u2013Z\u00fcrich Laboratory, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043408422","display_name":"Luca Benini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Benini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-3806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80806012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"10","first_page":"4116","last_page":"4128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6127243041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5186259150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/datapath","display_name":"Datapath","score":0.48473116755485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4019353687763214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39789456129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.36758971214294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3296686112880707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.2660979926586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21725594997406006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6127243041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5186259150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633673","display_name":"Datapath","level":2,"score":0.48473116755485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4019353687763214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39789456129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36758971214294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3296686112880707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2660979926586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21725594997406006}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3100266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3100266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/870148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/870148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/870148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/870148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019505419","https://openalex.org/W2023647137","https://openalex.org/W2050909855","https://openalex.org/W2062081500","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2110936068","https://openalex.org/W2158622216","https://openalex.org/W2222570178","https://openalex.org/W2287036717","https://openalex.org/W2402693132","https://openalex.org/W2476008461","https://openalex.org/W2554538030","https://openalex.org/W2580157614","https://openalex.org/W2583857261","https://openalex.org/W2613567208","https://openalex.org/W2624514417","https://openalex.org/W2749476078","https://openalex.org/W2754973620","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2797218224","https://openalex.org/W2798690537","https://openalex.org/W2801517310","https://openalex.org/W2895774650","https://openalex.org/W2895910969","https://openalex.org/W2914082395","https://openalex.org/W2915058268","https://openalex.org/W2915418849","https://openalex.org/W2921427074","https://openalex.org/W2962967667","https://openalex.org/W2963492949","https://openalex.org/W2964092203","https://openalex.org/W2966431640","https://openalex.org/W2967927776","https://openalex.org/W2990491261","https://openalex.org/W2996943723","https://openalex.org/W3005319366","https://openalex.org/W3013080934","https://openalex.org/W3016076969","https://openalex.org/W3019791076","https://openalex.org/W3021560762","https://openalex.org/W3032819016","https://openalex.org/W3041059941","https://openalex.org/W3047701107","https://openalex.org/W3099544558","https://openalex.org/W3103771875","https://openalex.org/W3105115497","https://openalex.org/W3117080414","https://openalex.org/W6775940834","https://openalex.org/W6929116918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580556151","https://openalex.org/W2144463068","https://openalex.org/W2185915791","https://openalex.org/W2129565950","https://openalex.org/W2120705320","https://openalex.org/W37969803","https://openalex.org/W2912652113","https://openalex.org/W4233616027","https://openalex.org/W2158030625","https://openalex.org/W1996820488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperdimensional":[0],"computing":[1,6],"(HDC)":[2],"is":[3,66],"a":[4,39,45,146,185],"brain-inspired":[5],"paradigm-based":[7],"on":[8,156],"high-dimensional":[9],"holistic":[10],"representations":[11],"of":[12,44,90,109,118,168,176,192],"vectors.":[13],"It":[14,70],"recently":[15],"gained":[16],"attention":[17],"for":[18,50,96,153,183,189],"embedded":[19],"smart":[20],"sensing":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,29],"its":[24],"inherent":[25],"error-resiliency":[26],"and":[27,79],"suitability":[28],"highly":[30],"parallel":[31],"hardware":[32],"implementations.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"work,":[36],"we":[37,113],"propose":[38],"programmable":[40],"all-digital":[41],"CMOS":[42],"implementation":[43],"fully":[46,147],"autonomous":[47],"HDC":[48,154,169,181],"accelerator":[49,178],"always-on":[51,97],"classification":[52],"in":[53,137,166],"energy-constrained":[54],"sensor":[55],"nodes.":[56],"By":[57],"using":[58,150],"energy-efficient":[59],"standard":[60],"cell":[61],"memory":[62],"(SCM),":[63],"the":[64,85,110,130,133,163,177,190],"design":[65,164],"easily":[67],"cross-technology":[68],"mappable.":[69],"achieves":[71],"extremely":[72],"low":[73],"power,":[74],"5$\\mu":[75],"\\text{W}$in":[76],"typical":[77],"applications,":[78],"an":[80,157],"energy":[81],"efficiency":[82],"improvement":[83],"over":[84,129],"state-of-the-art":[86],"(SoA)":[87],"digital":[88],"architectures":[89],"up":[91],"to$3\\times":[92],"$in":[93],"post-layout":[94],"simulations":[95],"wearable":[98],"tasks":[99],"such":[100],"as":[101],"Electromyography":[102],"(EMG)":[103],"hand":[104],"gesture":[105],"recognition.":[106],"As":[107],"part":[108],"accelerator\u2019s":[111],"architecture,":[112],"introduce":[114],"novel":[115,180],"hardware-friendly":[116],"embodiments":[117],"common":[119],"HDC-algorithmic":[120],"primitives,":[121],"which":[122],"results":[123],"in$3.3\\times":[124],"$technology":[125],"scaled":[126],"area":[127],"reduction":[128],"SoA,":[131],"achieving":[132],"same":[134],"accuracy":[135],"levels":[136],"all":[138],"examined":[139],"targets.":[140],"The":[141],"proposed":[142],"architecture":[143],"also":[144],"has":[145],"configurable":[148],"datapath":[149],"microcode":[151],"optimized":[152],"stored":[155],"integrated":[158],"SCM-based":[159],"configuration":[160],"memory,":[161],"making":[162],"\u201cgeneral-purpose\u201d":[165],"terms":[167],"algorithm":[170],"flexibility.":[171],"This":[172],"flexibility":[173],"allows":[174],"usage":[175],"across":[179],"tasks,":[182],"instance,":[184],"newly":[186],"designed":[187],"HDC-algorithm":[188],"task":[191],"ball":[193],"bearing":[194],"fault":[195],"detection.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}