{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163974534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3080042","title":"A Charge-Domain Scalable-Weight In-Memory Computing Macro With Dual-SRAM Architecture for Precision-Scalable DNN Accelerators","display_name":"A Charge-Domain Scalable-Weight In-Memory Computing Macro With Dual-SRAM Architecture for Precision-Scalable DNN Accelerators","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163974534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3080042","mag":"3163974534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3080042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3080042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348726","display_name":"Eunyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7105-2199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eunyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078592237","display_name":"Taeyoung Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-8884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeyoung Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056057968","display_name":"Donguk Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-3940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donguk Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089255813","display_name":"Gicheol Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gicheol Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050397226","display_name":"Jaerok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4086-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaerok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101714614","display_name":"Seonho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seonho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042217495","display_name":"Soyoun Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-177X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soyoun Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081039356","display_name":"Johnny Rhe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2603-974X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnny Rhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618958","display_name":"Jaehyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063908850","display_name":"Jong Hwan Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-4318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong Hwan Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040564153","display_name":"Yoonmyung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-1692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoonmyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100348726"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96254137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"8","first_page":"3305","last_page":"3316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7647826671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.7090795040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6822882890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5416292548179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4633064866065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.42874112725257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.412078857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37955379486083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36534589529037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16943472623825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13494345545768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.13057053089141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10157701373100281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7647826671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.7090795040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6822882890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5416292548179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4633064866065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42874112725257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.412078857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37955379486083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36534589529037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16943472623825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13494345545768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.13057053089141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10157701373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3080042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3080042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1899567735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3F3A2A01085756","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2006041974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A2C4070438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597620877","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2048251158","https://openalex.org/W2146276996","https://openalex.org/W2267635276","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2565960208","https://openalex.org/W2570467259","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2742608242","https://openalex.org/W2744289854","https://openalex.org/W2744369623","https://openalex.org/W2777372517","https://openalex.org/W2782511028","https://openalex.org/W2790511620","https://openalex.org/W2793168176","https://openalex.org/W2794141774","https://openalex.org/W2891442728","https://openalex.org/W2899378420","https://openalex.org/W2899641901","https://openalex.org/W2904299207","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2921013323","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W2990591126","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3048775232","https://openalex.org/W3205795241","https://openalex.org/W4232909776","https://openalex.org/W4295262505","https://openalex.org/W6693397755","https://openalex.org/W6731608545","https://openalex.org/W6734592959","https://openalex.org/W6741974063","https://openalex.org/W6742450443","https://openalex.org/W6755794347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030816003","https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W4239992647","https://openalex.org/W2150013480","https://openalex.org/W1554458299","https://openalex.org/W81423522","https://openalex.org/W1509860481","https://openalex.org/W2488264085","https://openalex.org/W2076325756","https://openalex.org/W3151633427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,69,78],"charge-domain":[4,24,36],"in-memory":[5],"computing":[6],"(IMC)":[7],"macro":[8,58,81,91,105],"for":[9,50,63,96,114,120],"precision-scalable":[10],"deep":[11],"neural":[12,43],"network":[13],"accelerators.":[14],"The":[15,104],"proposed":[16,57],"Dual-SRAM":[17],"cell":[18],"structure":[19],"with":[20,30,53,68,77],"coupling":[21],"capacitors":[22],"enables":[23],"multiply":[25],"and":[26,88],"accumulate":[27],"(MAC)":[28],"operation":[29,52],"variable-precision":[31],"signed":[32],"weights.":[33],"Unlike":[34],"prior":[35],"IMC":[37],"macros":[38],"that":[39],"only":[40],"support":[41],"binary":[42],"networks":[44],"or":[45],"digitally":[46],"compute":[47],"weighted":[48,61],"sums":[49,62],"MAC":[51,66],"multi-bit":[54],"weights,":[55],"the":[56,89],"implements":[59],"analog":[60],"energy-efficient":[64],"bit-scalable":[65],"operations":[67],"novel":[70],"series-coupled":[71],"merging":[72],"scheme.":[73],"A":[74],"test":[75],"chip":[76],"16-kb":[79],"SRAM":[80],"is":[82,93],"fabricated":[83],"in":[84],"28-nm":[85],"FDSOI":[86],"process,":[87],"measured":[90],"throughput":[92],"125.2-876.5":[94],"GOPS":[95],"weight":[97,116],"bit-precision":[98],"varying":[99],"from":[100,111],"2":[101],"to":[102,117],"8.":[103],"also":[106],"achieves":[107],"energy":[108],"efficiency":[109],"ranging":[110],"18.4":[112],"TOPS/W":[113,119],"8-b":[115],"119.2":[118],"2-b":[121],"weight.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
