{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134441632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","title":"Dithering Concepts for Spur-Free Nonlinear DTC-Based Frequency Synthesizers","display_name":"Dithering Concepts for Spur-Free Nonlinear DTC-Based Frequency Synthesizers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134441632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","mag":"3134441632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/9408528/09369377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/9408528/09369377.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057531648","display_name":"Christoph Preissl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Preissl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-2975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031141370","display_name":"Peter Preyler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-7198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Preyler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-7198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013115524","display_name":"Andreas Springer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-5184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Springer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-5184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049116697","display_name":"Mario Huemer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-7232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Huemer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-7232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digitally Assisted RF Transceivers for Future Mobile Communications, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0983,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38460165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"5","first_page":"2234","last_page":"2245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.9926394820213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtractive-color","display_name":"Subtractive color","score":0.869552493095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5735335350036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5260496139526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5209487676620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5181040167808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4923166036605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.45428064465522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44962483644485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26855403184890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24330779910087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1746196448802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13744109869003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09875214099884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08717653155326843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.9926394820213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150799807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374081","display_name":"Subtractive color","level":2,"score":0.869552493095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5735335350036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5260496139526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5209487676620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5181040167808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4923166036605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.45428064465522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44962483644485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26855403184890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24330779910087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1746196448802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13744109869003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09875214099884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08717653155326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/9408528/09369377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/9408528/09369377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311813","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Nationalstiftung f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung","ror":"https://ror.org/04hb33h70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323591","display_name":"Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv8h305"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327593","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134441632.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134441632.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571758417","https://openalex.org/W1989376602","https://openalex.org/W1991735092","https://openalex.org/W1997287970","https://openalex.org/W1998183190","https://openalex.org/W2020724200","https://openalex.org/W2036880312","https://openalex.org/W2044363153","https://openalex.org/W2057532062","https://openalex.org/W2072864093","https://openalex.org/W2084208879","https://openalex.org/W2108068819","https://openalex.org/W2121671327","https://openalex.org/W2126341175","https://openalex.org/W2129450987","https://openalex.org/W2151007095","https://openalex.org/W2158980899","https://openalex.org/W2296424059","https://openalex.org/W2469724083","https://openalex.org/W2474441753","https://openalex.org/W2516199239","https://openalex.org/W2752923671","https://openalex.org/W2788680135","https://openalex.org/W2793132439","https://openalex.org/W2796298866","https://openalex.org/W2801792298","https://openalex.org/W2982027404","https://openalex.org/W3014660459","https://openalex.org/W3040437000","https://openalex.org/W3090640075","https://openalex.org/W4241412730","https://openalex.org/W6696975107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2418428616","https://openalex.org/W2375273197","https://openalex.org/W2503119535","https://openalex.org/W2515931684","https://openalex.org/W1561097362","https://openalex.org/W2543986011","https://openalex.org/W2378754589","https://openalex.org/W3134441632","https://openalex.org/W2094272778","https://openalex.org/W2067936044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital-to-time":[0],"converters":[1],"(DTCs)":[2],"are":[3,13],"a":[4,27,31,66,88],"promising":[5],"technology":[6],"for":[7,60,69,79,95],"radio":[8],"frequency":[9],"(RF)":[10],"transceivers":[11],"but":[12],"prone":[14],"to":[15,21,26,39,51,93],"spur":[16],"generation.":[17],"A":[18],"common":[19],"approach":[20,47],"change":[22],"the":[23,80],"spurious":[24],"emissions":[25],"spur-free":[28],"shape":[29],"is":[30,41],"method":[32],"called":[33],"dithering.":[34,62],"The":[35],"power":[36],"added":[37],"due":[38],"dithering":[40,70,97],"an":[42],"important":[43],"aspect":[44],"of":[45,82,91,98],"this":[46],"and":[48,85],"gives":[49],"raise":[50],"investigations":[52],"on":[53],"additive":[54],"dither":[55,84],"as":[56,58],"well":[57],"methods":[59],"subtractive":[61,83],"This":[63],"work":[64],"presents":[65],"mathematical":[67],"model":[68],"DTC-based":[71],"local":[72],"oscillator":[73],"(LO)":[74],"generators.":[75],"It":[76],"proposes":[77],"concepts":[78],"application":[81],"it":[86],"introduces":[87],"novel":[89],"generalization":[90],"quantization-dither":[92],"allow":[94],"optimal":[96],"nonlinear":[99],"quantizers.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
