{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136879504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060880","title":"High-Speed LDPC Decoders Towards 1 Tb/s","display_name":"High-Speed LDPC Decoders Towards 1 Tb/s","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136879504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060880","mag":"3136879504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015447798","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-3285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-3285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017562184","display_name":"Veerle Derudder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-9471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veerle Derudder","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-9471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080686807","display_name":"Kaoutar Bertrand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaoutar Bertrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034504039","display_name":"Claude Desset","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Desset","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016885070","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Bourdoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-7850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Bourdoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-7850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95736814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"5","first_page":"2224","last_page":"2233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaving","display_name":"Interleaving","score":0.8421902656555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.709749698638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7057939171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6797963380813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6334367990493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6267483830451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5524055361747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5300400257110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.4280785918235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.4256880283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.41606613993644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3740765452384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3277130722999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12936148047447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12319737672805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1155475378036499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28034677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092530","display_name":"Interleaving","level":2,"score":0.8421902656555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.709749698638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7057939171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6797963380813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6334367990493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6267483830451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5524055361747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5300400257110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.4280785918235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.4256880283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.41606613993644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3740765452384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3277130722999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12936148047447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12319737672805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1155475378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3060880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573665190","https://openalex.org/W1867449325","https://openalex.org/W1974338211","https://openalex.org/W1982311971","https://openalex.org/W1995304976","https://openalex.org/W2011630204","https://openalex.org/W2022481287","https://openalex.org/W2032886564","https://openalex.org/W2069459707","https://openalex.org/W2075568400","https://openalex.org/W2088215831","https://openalex.org/W2088217991","https://openalex.org/W2092488550","https://openalex.org/W2100307260","https://openalex.org/W2113130401","https://openalex.org/W2115461214","https://openalex.org/W2123530431","https://openalex.org/W2126259959","https://openalex.org/W2127002303","https://openalex.org/W2127370988","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2132025202","https://openalex.org/W2135764410","https://openalex.org/W2156429183","https://openalex.org/W2243559121","https://openalex.org/W2287070476","https://openalex.org/W2292279193","https://openalex.org/W2512434252","https://openalex.org/W2532298893","https://openalex.org/W2539773434","https://openalex.org/W2603839993","https://openalex.org/W2759650797","https://openalex.org/W2808558511","https://openalex.org/W2901220633","https://openalex.org/W2904234457","https://openalex.org/W2911345920","https://openalex.org/W2935748613","https://openalex.org/W2940115395","https://openalex.org/W3099105124","https://openalex.org/W6644065506","https://openalex.org/W6658657388","https://openalex.org/W6690407456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2488897859","https://openalex.org/W2382848370","https://openalex.org/W2060592722","https://openalex.org/W2394364986","https://openalex.org/W2376746784","https://openalex.org/W2523792746","https://openalex.org/W26297114","https://openalex.org/W2095454718","https://openalex.org/W2784274080","https://openalex.org/W3136879504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beyond":[0],"5G":[1],"systems":[2],"are":[3,72,84,106],"expected":[4],"to":[5,15,92,141,175,243],"approach":[6],"1":[7,119],"Tb/s":[8],"throughput.":[9],"This":[10],"poses":[11],"a":[12,24,115,229],"significant":[13,230],"challenge":[14],"the":[16,45,49,56,129,134,165,169,203,207,225,241],"channel":[17],"decoder.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20,80],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"propose":[23],"multi-core":[25,62,90,166,200],"architecture":[26,47,58],"based":[27],"on":[28],"full":[29],"row":[30],"parallel":[31,42,221],"layered":[32,43],"LDPC":[33,70,135,213],"decoder":[34,132,167,201],"with":[35,39,74,86,114,150,184,217],"frame":[36,53],"interleaving.":[37],"Compared":[38],"conventional":[40],"partially":[41],"architectures,":[44,224],"proposed":[46,226],"increases":[48],"throughput":[50,145,179,205],"by":[51,60],"applying":[52],"interleaving":[54],"into":[55],"pipeline":[57],"and":[59,89,101,123,159,193,236,252],"using":[61],"architectures.":[63],"Two":[64],"high":[65,222],"rate":[66,117],"medium":[67,210],"size":[68,211],"QC":[69],"codes":[71,83],"designed":[73],"fast":[75],"decoding":[76],"convergence":[77],"speed":[78,223],"for":[79,133,168,209],"architecture.":[81],"Both":[82],"implemented":[85,107],"single":[87,130],"core":[88,131],"architectures":[91,227],"explore":[93],"different":[94],"trade-offs":[95],"between":[96],"code":[97,138,172,247],"design,":[98],"communication":[99],"performance":[100],"implementation.":[102],"The":[103,121,199],"four":[104],"decoders":[105],"in":[108,206,233,246],"16":[109],"nm":[110],"CMOS":[111],"FinFET":[112],"technology":[113],"clock":[116],"of":[118,153,162,187,196,250],"GHz.":[120],"placement":[122],"routing":[124],"implementation":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"(1027,":[136],"856)":[137],"is":[139,173],"able":[140,174],"provide":[142,176],"114":[143],"Gb/s":[144,178],"at":[146,180],"maximum":[147,181],"3":[148],"iterations":[149,183,251],"an":[151,185],"area":[152,186,234],"0.173":[154],"mm":[155,189],"<sup":[156,190],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[157,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[158,192],"energy":[160,194,237],"efficiency":[161,195,235,238],"1.56":[163],"pJ/bit;":[164],"(1032,":[170],"860)":[171],"860":[177],"2":[182],"1.48":[188],"3.24":[197],"pJ/bit.":[198],"achieves":[202],"highest":[204],"literature":[208],"(1-2k)":[212],"codes.":[214],"When":[215],"compared":[216],"other":[218],"state-of-the-art":[219],"fully":[220],"bring":[228],"gain":[231],"both":[232],"while":[239],"keeping":[240],"ability":[242],"offer":[244],"flexibility":[245],"rate,":[248],"number":[249],"early":[253],"stop.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
