{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048785194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3013709","title":"Linearity Theory of Stochastic Phase-Interpolation Time-to-Digital Converter","display_name":"Linearity Theory of Stochastic Phase-Interpolation Time-to-Digital Converter","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048785194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3013709","mag":"3048785194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3013709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3013709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070712086","display_name":"Khalil Gammoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-3246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11912373","display_name":"Micron (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv52296","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalil Gammoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khalil Gammoh is with Micron, Boise, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-3246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khalil Gammoh is with Micron, Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015155264","display_name":"Cameron K. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-765X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron K. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010358280","display_name":"David A. Penry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-4527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156213","display_name":"American Rock Mechanics Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfrxy92","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156213"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Aaron Penry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arm, Chandler, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-4527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arm, Chandler, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033562869","display_name":"Shiuh-Hua Wood Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-6569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiuh-Hua Chiang Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-6569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070712086"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78269506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"12","first_page":"4348","last_page":"4359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.6967959403991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.685147225856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearization","display_name":"Linearization","score":0.6167165040969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5984274744987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5480338931083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.547937273979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4325806498527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23316726088523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.17617595195770264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.6967959403991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.685147225856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11210021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520713","display_name":"Linearization","level":3,"score":0.6167165040969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5984274744987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5480338931083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.547937273979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4325806498527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23316726088523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.17617595195770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3013709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3013709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W301416680","https://openalex.org/W1506119886","https://openalex.org/W1988093952","https://openalex.org/W1991874673","https://openalex.org/W1993597884","https://openalex.org/W2050430018","https://openalex.org/W2056154967","https://openalex.org/W2062952706","https://openalex.org/W2108435403","https://openalex.org/W2111146745","https://openalex.org/W2112713971","https://openalex.org/W2112856903","https://openalex.org/W2120912680","https://openalex.org/W2128282260","https://openalex.org/W2134713152","https://openalex.org/W2149726555","https://openalex.org/W2166155244","https://openalex.org/W2166268103","https://openalex.org/W2420266859","https://openalex.org/W2782103515","https://openalex.org/W2785102225","https://openalex.org/W2791757449","https://openalex.org/W2883232255","https://openalex.org/W2889165723","https://openalex.org/W2890379021","https://openalex.org/W2901281781","https://openalex.org/W2918321728","https://openalex.org/W2959661790","https://openalex.org/W2981556216","https://openalex.org/W2999737046","https://openalex.org/W3137840238","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2315668284","https://openalex.org/W2155789024","https://openalex.org/W2109491806","https://openalex.org/W3213608175","https://openalex.org/W2058044441","https://openalex.org/W3117675750","https://openalex.org/W2141743053","https://openalex.org/W171113498","https://openalex.org/W2124661899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Stochastic":[1],"Phase-Interpolation":[2],"Time-to-Digital":[3],"Converter":[4],"(SPI-TDC)":[5],"leverages":[6],"redundancy":[7,37],"to":[8,34,76,98],"tolerate":[9],"Process-Voltage-Temperature":[10],"(PVT)":[11],"variations.":[12],"This":[13,108],"article":[14,45,88,109],"presents":[15],"a":[16,31,70,90,94,120],"comprehensive":[17],"analysis":[18],"of":[19,22,49,54,65,73,84,119,126,130,142],"the":[20,23,36,47,50,55,63,66,78,82,85,87,100,113,116,124,127,136,140,143],"linearity":[21,64],"SPI-TDC":[24,101,134],"and":[25,29,41,60,68,105,138,148],"its":[26],"error":[27],"mechanisms,":[28],"proposes":[30,89],"linearization":[32],"technique":[33],"reduce":[35],"requirement.":[38],"Using":[39],"deterministic":[40],"stochastic":[42],"models,":[43],"this":[44],"analyzes":[46],"effects":[48],"unit":[51],"delay,":[52],"length":[53],"delay-line,":[56],"clock":[57],"frequency,":[58],"jitter,":[59],"mismatch":[61],"on":[62,81],"SPI-TDC,":[67],"prescribes":[69],"compact":[71],"set":[72],"design":[74],"equations":[75],"guide":[77],"designer.":[79],"Based":[80],"results":[83],"analysis,":[86],"robust":[91],"solution":[92,145],"using":[93,152],"Delay-Locked":[95],"Loop":[96],"(DLL)":[97],"linearize":[99],"with":[102],"reduced":[103],"hardware":[104],"power":[106],"overhead.":[107],"also":[110],"analyzes,":[111],"for":[112,123],"first":[114],"time,":[115],"loop":[117],"dynamics":[118],"DLL":[121],"accounting":[122],"delay":[125],"delay-line.":[128],"Measurements":[129],"an":[131],"8-bit,":[132],"60-MHz":[133],"validate":[135],"theories":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"effectiveness":[141],"proposed":[144],"across":[146],"supply":[147],"temperature":[149],"variations":[150],"while":[151],"only":[153],"4\u00d7":[154],"redundancy.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}