{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046848100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3010890","title":"An Efficient Massive MIMO Detector Based on Second-Order Richardson Iteration: From Algorithm to Flexible Architecture","display_name":"An Efficient Massive MIMO Detector Based on Second-Order Richardson Iteration: From Algorithm to Flexible Architecture","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046848100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3010890","mag":"3046848100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3010890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3010890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073682012","display_name":"Jiaming Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-9003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072403995","display_name":"Mengdan Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-2754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdan Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-2754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008057183","display_name":"Jianfei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-6197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-6197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101835009","display_name":"Dewu Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-2653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewu Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-2653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054897331","display_name":"Guanghui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-6421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-6421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79689622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"11","first_page":"4015","last_page":"4028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7380771636962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6899086236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6896563768386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5973650217056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5362552404403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.47713375091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4667278528213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.4518243670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtex","display_name":"Virtex","score":0.43431392312049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.410831093788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.30758118629455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.17913785576820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1628451943397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10190334916114807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7380771636962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6899086236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6896563768386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5973650217056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5362552404403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47713375091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4667278528213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.4518243670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777674469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20741011","display_name":"Virtex","level":3,"score":0.43431392312049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.410831093788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.30758118629455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.17913785576820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1628451943397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10190334916114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3010890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3010890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8049024793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61674103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968366430","https://openalex.org/W1974956497","https://openalex.org/W2021699271","https://openalex.org/W2031992818","https://openalex.org/W2050170536","https://openalex.org/W2052321444","https://openalex.org/W2065489737","https://openalex.org/W2081274544","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2172654076","https://openalex.org/W2294665748","https://openalex.org/W2320057559","https://openalex.org/W2323318744","https://openalex.org/W2521211802","https://openalex.org/W2550997788","https://openalex.org/W2579543994","https://openalex.org/W2595659993","https://openalex.org/W2757723874","https://openalex.org/W2786995045","https://openalex.org/W2789325884","https://openalex.org/W2954228593","https://openalex.org/W2956217918","https://openalex.org/W2962776410","https://openalex.org/W2963263651","https://openalex.org/W2963372284","https://openalex.org/W2963581904","https://openalex.org/W2995694254","https://openalex.org/W3004148918","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4229746864","https://openalex.org/W6734819985","https://openalex.org/W6771854749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W183202219","https://openalex.org/W2134520490","https://openalex.org/W1997240170","https://openalex.org/W2158165366","https://openalex.org/W3195147989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1],"reducing":[2],"the":[3,40,51,58,64,78,81,95,132,149,165,187,192],"complexity":[4],"of":[5,60,80,135,172,194],"minimum":[6],"mean":[7],"square":[8],"error":[9],"(MMSE)":[10],"detection":[11,22,130],"in":[12,84,170,196],"massive":[13,128,197],"multiple-input":[14],"multiple-output":[15],"(MIMO)":[16],"systems,":[17],"this":[18,105],"paper":[19],"proposes":[20],"a":[21,43,107,138],"algorithm":[23,83,97],"with":[24,131,151],"high":[25],"convergence":[26,52,86],"rate":[27],"and":[28,63,87,90,137,160,174,182,191],"an":[29],"efficient":[30],"hardware":[31,109,153],"architecture":[32,110],"based":[33],"on":[34,104,156],"second-order":[35],"Richardson":[36],"iteration":[37],"(SORI).":[38],"In":[39,56],"proposed":[41,82,96,166],"algorithm,":[42,106],"pre-iteration-based":[44],"initialization":[45],"method":[46],"is":[47,68,111,114,144,168],"presented":[48],"to":[49,70,117,147,178,186],"accelerate":[50],"without":[53],"extra":[54],"complexity.":[55],"addition,":[57],"approximation":[59],"relaxation":[61],"factor":[62],"log-likelihood":[65],"ratio":[66],"(LLR)":[67],"introduced":[69],"further":[71],"reduce":[72],"computing":[73],"load.":[74],"Theoretical":[75],"analysis":[76],"demonstrates":[77],"advantages":[79],"fast":[85],"low":[88,152],"complexity,":[89],"simulation":[91],"results":[92],"show":[93],"that":[94],"can":[98,184],"efficiently":[99],"approach":[100],"MMSE":[101],"performance.":[102],"Based":[103],"flexible":[108],"designed,":[112],"which":[113],"deeply":[115],"pipelined":[116],"support":[118],"128":[119],"\u00d7":[120],"U":[121,124],"(8":[122],"\u2264":[123,125],"32":[126],")":[127],"MIMO":[129,198],"configurable":[133],"number":[134,193],"iterations,":[136],"folded":[139],"dual-mode":[140],"systolic":[141],"array":[142],"(DMSA)":[143],"fully":[145],"utilized":[146],"achieve":[148],"flexibility":[150],"consumption.":[154],"Implemented":[155],"Xilinx":[157],"Virtex-7":[158],"FPGA":[159],"SMIC":[161],"40nm":[162],"CMOS":[163],"technology,":[164],"detector":[167],"competitive":[169],"terms":[171],"energy":[173],"area":[175],"efficiency":[176],"compared":[177],"state-of-the-art":[179],"iterative":[180],"detectors,":[181],"it":[183],"adapt":[185],"varied":[188],"channel":[189],"condition":[190],"users":[195],"systems.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}