{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044065137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3008683","title":"A 0.04% BER Strong PUF With Cell-Bias-Based CRPs Filtering and Background Offset Calibration","display_name":"A 0.04% BER Strong PUF With Cell-Bias-Based CRPs Filtering and Background Offset Calibration","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044065137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3008683","mag":"3044065137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3008683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3008683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001340844","display_name":"Jiahao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-4061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-4061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071933088","display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-3244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035229843","display_name":"Chi\u2010Hang Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-1101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Hang Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-1101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Paulo Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001340844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85760609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"11","first_page":"3853","last_page":"3865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.6272203326225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.6130316257476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.5428050756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5408087968826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48082435131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.4715721011161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4454110562801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.44522541761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4378608167171478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42965489625930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.39186108112335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37768906354904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3458375930786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3410017490386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3120523691177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.29584643244743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2611082196235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2565603256225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18832409381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.12821292877197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12254378199577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.12188524007797241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.6272203326225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6130316257476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5428050756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5408087968826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48082435131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.4715721011161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4454110562801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.44522541761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4378608167171478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42965489625930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39186108112335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37768906354904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3458375930786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3410017490386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3120523691177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.29584643244743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2611082196235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2565603256225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18832409381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.12821292877197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12254378199577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.12188524007797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3008683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3008683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967501125","https://openalex.org/W1975640051","https://openalex.org/W2044389004","https://openalex.org/W2080284304","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2097622523","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2133313666","https://openalex.org/W2151759197","https://openalex.org/W2172010302","https://openalex.org/W2443094676","https://openalex.org/W2579217445","https://openalex.org/W2587718937","https://openalex.org/W2744073901","https://openalex.org/W2744835800","https://openalex.org/W2745051470","https://openalex.org/W2752846509","https://openalex.org/W2794399370","https://openalex.org/W2806684872","https://openalex.org/W2887485041","https://openalex.org/W2905545365","https://openalex.org/W2921567073","https://openalex.org/W2943456753","https://openalex.org/W2945803983","https://openalex.org/W2977109867","https://openalex.org/W2979803752","https://openalex.org/W2980530771","https://openalex.org/W2985840259","https://openalex.org/W3006022554","https://openalex.org/W6676995458","https://openalex.org/W6762195834","https://openalex.org/W6768687435","https://openalex.org/W6769746175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737520138","https://openalex.org/W2467612263","https://openalex.org/W2136440001","https://openalex.org/W2135250276","https://openalex.org/W3093575925","https://openalex.org/W2122001378","https://openalex.org/W1965493748","https://openalex.org/W1951127657","https://openalex.org/W1901843583","https://openalex.org/W3214591077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,35,68,112],"low":[4,47],"bit":[5],"error":[6],"rate":[7],"(BER)":[8],"strong":[9,36],"PUF":[10,92,141,165],"based":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,32,60,76,89,100,104,118,126,139,159,178],"dynamically":[14],"amplified":[15,64],"subthreshold":[16,29],"current":[17,53],"array":[18],"(DA-SCA)":[19],"with":[20],"cell-bias-based":[21,120],"challenge-response-pairs":[22],"(CRPs)":[23],"filtering":[24,122],"method.":[25],"The":[26,52,135,163],"highly":[27],"nonlinear":[28],"characteristic":[30],"of":[31,55,97,107,115,138],"DA-SCA":[33,91],"ensures":[34],"resilience":[37],"to":[38,109,128,181],"machine":[39,169],"learning":[40,170],"(ML)":[41,171],"attacks":[42,172],"and":[43,49,65,111,149],"it":[44,150],"simultaneously":[45],"achieves":[46],"power":[48,136],"compact":[50],"area.":[51],"difference":[54,70],"two":[56],"SCAs":[57],"originated":[58],"by":[59,75],"manufacturing":[61],"process":[62],"is":[63,72,142],"converted":[66],"into":[67],"voltage":[69],"which":[71],"further":[73],"digitized":[74],"background":[77],"offset-calibrated":[78],"oscillator":[79],"collapse-based":[80],"comparator.":[81],"Fabricated":[82],"in":[83,99],"65":[84],"nm":[85],"CMOS":[86],"LP":[87],"technology,":[88],"64-bit":[90],"shows":[93],"an":[94],"average":[95],"BER":[96,127],"4.7%":[98],"worst":[101],"case":[102],"for":[103],"temperature":[105],"range":[106],"-20":[108],"80\u00b0":[110],"supply":[113],"variation":[114],"\u00b110%.":[116],"Moreover,":[117],"proposed":[119,140,164],"CRPs":[121],"method":[123],"dramatically":[124],"suppresses":[125],"0.04%":[129],"while":[130],"discarding":[131],"only":[132],"9.5%":[133],"CRPs.":[134],"consumption":[137],"merely":[143],"2.4":[144],"\u03bcW":[145],"at":[146],"125":[147],"Kb/s":[148],"occupies":[151],"0.024":[152],"mm":[153],"<sup":[154],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[156],",":[157],"including":[158],"on-chip":[160],"calibration":[161],"circuit.":[162],"demonstrates":[166],"resistance":[167],"against":[168],"across":[173],"100K":[174],"training":[175],"samples,":[176],"limiting":[177],"prediction":[179],"accuracy":[180],"~50%.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}