{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3038933981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3005338","title":"Ask Less, Get More: Side-Channel Signal Hiding, Revisited","display_name":"Ask Less, Get More: Side-Channel Signal Hiding, Revisited","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3038933981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3005338","mag":"3038933981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3005338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3005338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/239167","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032341525","display_name":"Itamar Levi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-5799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13955877","display_name":"Bar-Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgsv495","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itamar Levi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University (BIU), Ramat Gan, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-5799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University (BIU), Ramat Gan, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090882290","display_name":"Davide Bellizia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-4410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Bellizia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM/ELEN/Crsypto Group, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-4410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM/ELEN/Crsypto Group, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065138463","display_name":"David Bol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bol","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM/ELEN/Crsypto Group, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-1613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM/ELEN/Crsypto Group, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070542865","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Xavier Standaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois-Xavier Standaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM/ELEN/Crsypto Group, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-0285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM/ELEN/Crsypto Group, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92130182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"12","first_page":"4904","last_page":"4917"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7623553276062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7615373134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5905818343162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ask-price","display_name":"Ask price","score":0.5636512041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.5288724899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5245088338851929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.470938116312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shuffling","display_name":"Shuffling","score":0.4636602997779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.4586370885372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4545856714248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.4401150941848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43117085099220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42257213592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3788149654865265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.32415056228637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20911678671836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12548372149467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08628028631210327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7623553276062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7615373134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5905818343162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.5636512041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.5288724899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5245088338851929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.470938116312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167927819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930567","display_name":"Shuffling","level":2,"score":0.4636602997779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.4586370885372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4545856714248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4401150941848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43117085099220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42257213592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3788149654865265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.32415056228637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20911678671836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12548372149467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08628028631210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2020.3005338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2020.3005338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:239167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/239167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1: Regular Papers, Vol. 67, no.12, p. 4904 - 4917 (2020)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:239167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/239167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1: Regular Papers, Vol. 67, no.12, p. 4904 - 4917 (2020)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59374396","https://openalex.org/W108606907","https://openalex.org/W191000419","https://openalex.org/W587262091","https://openalex.org/W1506423869","https://openalex.org/W1522953023","https://openalex.org/W1575446397","https://openalex.org/W1592625985","https://openalex.org/W1595155753","https://openalex.org/W1595639514","https://openalex.org/W1752847028","https://openalex.org/W1897761346","https://openalex.org/W2020871648","https://openalex.org/W2114286085","https://openalex.org/W2133701468","https://openalex.org/W2140823840","https://openalex.org/W2144630005","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2171466570","https://openalex.org/W2461658105","https://openalex.org/W2536698892","https://openalex.org/W2592705047","https://openalex.org/W2621049407","https://openalex.org/W2751043011","https://openalex.org/W2767036718","https://openalex.org/W2782444654","https://openalex.org/W2783032164","https://openalex.org/W2804635567","https://openalex.org/W2809909270","https://openalex.org/W2896286715","https://openalex.org/W2909005415","https://openalex.org/W2929412763","https://openalex.org/W2942216431","https://openalex.org/W2967098993","https://openalex.org/W2972962130","https://openalex.org/W3006414909","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W4231098049","https://openalex.org/W4232122552","https://openalex.org/W4252227927","https://openalex.org/W6635392260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3160097163","https://openalex.org/W4307653535","https://openalex.org/W4282541326","https://openalex.org/W2949403411","https://openalex.org/W84597634","https://openalex.org/W3207042304","https://openalex.org/W3122079444","https://openalex.org/W2767201694","https://openalex.org/W2783032164","https://openalex.org/W2611951339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Signal":[0],"hiding":[1,85,146],"countermeasures":[2,37,88,95],"have":[3,50],"been":[4],"extensively":[5],"investigated":[6],"in":[7,134],"the":[8,29,56,69,187],"early":[9],"side-channel":[10,188],"attacks'":[11,30],"literature.":[12],"Due":[13],"to":[14,24,82,181],"design":[15,124],"and":[16,48,86,115,126,129,147,152,157],"physical":[17],"imperfections,":[18],"their":[19,148],"stand-alone":[20],"use":[21],"only":[22],"leads":[23],"a":[25,33,39,153],"limited":[26],"reduction":[27,114],"of":[28,71],"complexity.":[31],"As":[32],"result,":[34],"more":[35,40,52],"algorithmic":[36,87],"providing":[38],"formal":[41],"cost":[42,57,122],"vs.":[43],"security":[44,100,132,183],"tradeoff":[45],"(e.g.,":[46],"shuffling":[47],"masking)":[49],"gained":[51],"attention.":[53],"Yet,":[54],"since":[55],"associated":[58],"with":[59,119,136,168],"these":[60],"is":[61,166],"high,":[62],"designers":[63],"aim":[64],"at":[65,101],"combining":[66],"countermeasures,":[67],"leveraging":[68,173],"strength":[70],"each.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,105],"manuscript,":[75],"we":[76,91,107,110,139],"demonstrate":[77],"that":[78,96],"by":[79],"asking":[80],"less":[81],"both":[83],"signal":[84,113,145],"(as":[89],"stand-alone),":[90],"can":[92,111],"develop":[93],"combined":[94],"indeed":[97],"provide":[98],"higher":[99],"lower":[102],"cost.":[103],"For":[104],"purpose,":[106],"show":[108],"how":[109],"stack":[112],"amplitude":[116],"randomization":[117],"techniques":[118],"ultra":[120],"low":[121],"automatic":[123],"flows":[125],"standard":[127],"tools,":[128],"reach":[130],"attractive":[131],"levels":[133],"combination":[135],"masking.":[137],"Concretely,":[138],"examine":[140],"two":[141],"natural":[142],"strategies":[143],"for":[144,196],"combination:":[149],"namely":[150],"WDDL":[151],"simple,":[154],"local,":[155],"scalable":[156],"easy-to-implement":[158],"noise":[159],"generation":[160],"engine.":[161],"A":[162],"65nm":[163],"technology":[164],"ASIC":[165],"evaluated":[167],"multiple":[169],"isolated":[170],"AES":[171],"cores,":[172],"recent":[174],"information":[175,189],"theoretic":[176],"bounds":[177],"which":[178],"are":[179],"connected":[180],"masking":[182],"proofs,":[184],"significantly":[185],"reducing":[186],"leakage.":[190],"We":[191],"further":[192],"quantify":[193],"performance":[194],"gains":[195],"masked":[197],"designs.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}