{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000268722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2960694","title":"Low-Latency Reconfigurable Entropy Digital True Random Number Generator With Bias Detection and Correction","display_name":"Low-Latency Reconfigurable Entropy Digital True Random Number Generator With Bias Detection and Correction","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000268722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2960694","mag":"3000268722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2960694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2960694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2019.2960694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057936629","display_name":"Leonardo Bosco Carreira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Bosco Carreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060486535","display_name":"Paige Danielson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-2114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paige Danielson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090377014","display_name":"Arya A. Rahimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arya A. Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025917764","display_name":"Maximiliam Luppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7419-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximiliam Luppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054523682","display_name":"Subhanshu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-3451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhanshu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057936629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9471741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"5","first_page":"1562","last_page":"1575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7298384308815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6795781850814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5952060222625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5803545713424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.5502942204475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5300233960151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33859315514564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3151003122329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3130172789096832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7298384308815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6795781850814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5952060222625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5803545713424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.5502942204475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5300233960151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33859315514564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3151003122329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3130172789096832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2960694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2960694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:003000352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2019.2960694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Intelectual)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:003000352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2019.2960694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Intelectual)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309913","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29626722","https://openalex.org/W170084955","https://openalex.org/W1568780897","https://openalex.org/W1598140169","https://openalex.org/W1977850862","https://openalex.org/W2001667261","https://openalex.org/W2007262616","https://openalex.org/W2016167533","https://openalex.org/W2092798673","https://openalex.org/W2095410905","https://openalex.org/W2108324407","https://openalex.org/W2121559464","https://openalex.org/W2132979456","https://openalex.org/W2134539886","https://openalex.org/W2177571745","https://openalex.org/W2318869941","https://openalex.org/W2346579331","https://openalex.org/W2362080632","https://openalex.org/W2400191671","https://openalex.org/W2401371495","https://openalex.org/W2538926017","https://openalex.org/W2564566221","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W6634014975","https://openalex.org/W6678356434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2072658171","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W4385956668","https://openalex.org/W2900895161","https://openalex.org/W4380838366","https://openalex.org/W2362080632","https://openalex.org/W4388000846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"true-random":[1],"number":[2,122],"generators":[3],"(TRNG)":[4],"are":[5],"increasingly":[6],"employed":[7],"to":[8,24,53],"generate":[9],"random":[10,150],"channels":[11],"in":[12,98,114],"low-power":[13],"resource-constrained":[14],"IoT":[15],"devices":[16],"at":[17,141],"the":[18,32,60,99,105,115,130,133],"network":[19],"edge.":[20],"However,":[21],"their":[22],"susceptibility":[23],"process":[25,52],"variations,":[26],"or":[27],"even":[28],"intrusion":[29],"attacks,":[30],"degrade":[31],"generated":[33],"entropy":[34,83,92],"requiring":[35],"an":[36,55,86],"on-the-fly":[37,97],"processor":[38],"for":[39,65,82,91,148],"detection":[40,96],"of":[41,63,79,117,123,129],"bias":[42,66,95,118,134],"variations":[43],"and":[44,85,94,132,138],"correction.":[45],"This":[46],"work":[47],"proposes":[48],"a":[49,70,77],"two-step":[50],"search":[51,57],"implement":[54],"optimized":[56],"that":[58],"minimizes":[59],"latency":[61],"(number":[62],"clock-cycles)":[64],"correction":[67,119,135],"implemented":[68,108],"on":[69,109],"FPGA":[71,110],"platform.":[72],"The":[73,125],"first":[74],"step":[75],"implements":[76],"subset":[78],"NIST":[80],"tests":[81],"validation":[84,93],"additional":[87],"autocorrelator":[88],"is":[89,136],"used":[90],"second":[100],"step.":[101],"Measured":[102],"results":[103],"with":[104,120,144],"proposed":[106],"algorithm":[107],"shows":[111],"significant":[112],"improvement":[113],"probability":[116],"low":[121],"trials.":[124],"measured":[126],"power":[127],"consumption":[128],"TRNG":[131],"10.22mW":[137],"10.96mW":[139],"respectively":[140],"1.25":[142],"V":[143],"18":[145],"kHz":[146],"throughput":[147],"three":[149],"channels.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}