{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996374917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2954755","title":"Design, Implementation, and Experimental Verification of 5 Gbps, 800 Mrad TID and SEU-Tolerant Optical Modulators Drivers","display_name":"Design, Implementation, and Experimental Verification of 5 Gbps, 800 Mrad TID and SEU-Tolerant Optical Modulators Drivers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996374917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2954755","mag":"2996374917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2954755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2954755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088502253","display_name":"Gabriele Ciarpi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-2553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Ciarpi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Section, Pisa, Italy","University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-2553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Section, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005210771","display_name":"G. Magazz\u00fa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-3597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160382","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/05symbg58","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210160382"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Magazzu","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN, Pisa Section, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN, Pisa Section, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107062689","display_name":"F. Palla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-438X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160382","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/05symbg58","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210160382"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Palla","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN, Pisa Section, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN, Pisa Section, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091706301","display_name":"Sergio Saponara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-4219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Saponara","raw_affiliation_strings":["DII, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-4219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78897015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"3","first_page":"829","last_page":"838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-hardening","display_name":"Radiation hardening","score":0.6142451167106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.4934302866458893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-hadron-collider","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","score":0.4918386936187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosfet","display_name":"MOSFET","score":0.461370587348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4396442174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.42239809036254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4028880298137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.39745596051216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.3426787257194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3251684904098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.31168133020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.300811767578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2991243898868561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21536913514137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14899614453315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.1328900158405304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119349744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3026015","display_name":"Radiation hardening","level":3,"score":0.6142451167106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4934302866458893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87668248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","level":2,"score":0.4918386936187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778413303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210793","display_name":"MOSFET","level":4,"score":0.461370587348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4396442174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.42239809036254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4028880298137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.39745596051216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.3426787257194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3251684904098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31168133020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.300811767578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2991243898868561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21536913514137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14899614453315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.1328900158405304}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2954755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2954755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1025740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1025740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1065321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1065321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324499","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27264360","https://openalex.org/W335201183","https://openalex.org/W1546460110","https://openalex.org/W1976562059","https://openalex.org/W1990665837","https://openalex.org/W2000091884","https://openalex.org/W2032721771","https://openalex.org/W2033453286","https://openalex.org/W2045411719","https://openalex.org/W2059214545","https://openalex.org/W2091382331","https://openalex.org/W2091968018","https://openalex.org/W2092033556","https://openalex.org/W2106553188","https://openalex.org/W2116275715","https://openalex.org/W2125639054","https://openalex.org/W2131853386","https://openalex.org/W2148999613","https://openalex.org/W2149810980","https://openalex.org/W2260861174","https://openalex.org/W2318287149","https://openalex.org/W2328899558","https://openalex.org/W2476367834","https://openalex.org/W2483378112","https://openalex.org/W2529365868","https://openalex.org/W2551717087","https://openalex.org/W2562417671","https://openalex.org/W2588118417","https://openalex.org/W2613128705","https://openalex.org/W2760289380","https://openalex.org/W2762867996","https://openalex.org/W2800226753","https://openalex.org/W2886660857","https://openalex.org/W2901868604","https://openalex.org/W2944738146","https://openalex.org/W4388322781","https://openalex.org/W6762957932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2919860591","https://openalex.org/W2031643159","https://openalex.org/W1629214335","https://openalex.org/W2048764743","https://openalex.org/W3105047189","https://openalex.org/W2095856099","https://openalex.org/W2333137665","https://openalex.org/W1979972974","https://openalex.org/W4296887773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,16,23,27,98,105,115,122,135,143,148,152,166,179,187,190,196,220,226,233,239,244,253,256,260,263],"design":[4],"and":[5,83,129,151,173,215,231],"experimental":[6,33,183],"verification":[7],"of":[8,26,97,114,124,130,138,142,154,189,219,225,232,255,259,271],"two":[9,75],"drivers":[10,99,167,245],"designed":[11,37,72],"to":[12,38,41,54,57,73,118,164],"be":[13,247],"compliant":[14],"with":[15],"high":[17,89,93,125],"radiation":[18,126],"dose":[19,94,127],"levels":[20,128],"present":[21],"in":[22,64,178,242],"inner":[24],"layers":[25],"CERN's":[28],"Large":[29],"Hadron":[30],"Collider":[31],"(LHC)":[32],"chambers.":[34],"The":[35,92,182,198],"drivers,":[36],"face":[39],"up":[40,56],"800":[42,206],"Mrad":[43,207],"(SiO":[44,208],"<sub":[45,209],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[46,210],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[47,211],")":[48],"Total":[49,199],"Ionizing":[50],"Dose,":[51],"are":[52,71,176],"able":[53],"sustain":[55],"5":[58,250],"Gbps":[59],"bit-rate":[60],"links":[61],"when":[62],"integrated":[63],"a":[65,213,269],"65":[66],"nm":[67],"CMOS":[68],"technology.":[69],"They":[70],"drive":[74],"Silicon":[76],"Photonics":[77],"optical":[78],"modulators,":[79],"Mach":[80,227],"Zehnder":[81,228],"Modulator":[82,229],"Ring":[84,234],"Resonator,":[85],"which":[86,243],"have":[87,185,203,267],"shown":[88,268],"rad-tolerant":[90],"levels.":[91],"level":[95],"hardness":[96],"has":[100],"been":[101],"achieved":[102],"by":[103,195],"adopting":[104],"following":[106],"Radiation":[107],"Hardening":[108],"By":[109],"Design":[110],"(RHBD)":[111],"techniques:":[112],"enhancement":[113],"MOSFETs":[116],"model":[117],"take":[119],"into":[120],"account":[121],"effects":[123,133],"single":[131],"event":[132],"on":[134],"devices,":[136,150],"avoidance":[137],"using":[139],"P-MOSFETs,":[140],"increase":[141,165],"minimum":[144],"MOSFET":[145],"lengths":[146],"for":[147],"switching":[149],"use":[153],"Enclosed":[155],"Layout":[156],"Transistors":[157],"shape":[158],"plus":[159],"some":[160],"layout":[161],"precautions.":[162],"Moreover,":[163],"speed,":[168],"techniques":[169],"like":[170],"buffer":[171],"chain":[172],"inductive":[174],"peaking":[175],"used":[177],"drivers'":[180],"design.":[181],"results":[184],"verified":[186],"matching":[188],"high-speed":[191],"high-voltage":[192],"constraint":[193],"required":[194],"application.":[197],"Ionization":[200],"Dose":[201],"tests":[202,266],"shown,":[204],"at":[205],"),":[212],"30%":[214],"25%":[216],"amplitude":[217],"reduction":[218],"output":[221],"signals":[222],"eye":[223],"diagrams":[224],"driver":[230],"Resonator":[235],"driver,":[236],"respectively.":[237],"In":[238],"worst":[240],"case,":[241],"will":[246],"placed":[248],"within":[249],"cm":[251],"from":[252],"beamline":[254],"CMS":[257],"experiment":[258],"upgraded":[261],"LHC,":[262],"heavy":[264],"ions":[265],"BER":[270],"5.19e-8.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}