{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972984303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2937227","title":"Processing Near Sensor Architecture in Mixed-Signal Domain With CMOS Image Sensor of Convolutional-Kernel-Readout Method","display_name":"Processing Near Sensor Architecture in Mixed-Signal Domain With CMOS Image Sensor of Convolutional-Kernel-Readout Method","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972984303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2937227","mag":"2972984303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2937227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2937227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676264","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-5205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-5205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024568191","display_name":"Huifeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huifeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-1911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076552386","display_name":"Erxiang Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2459-4333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erxiang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101507289","display_name":"Zheyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-6980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-6980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068014122","display_name":"Kaige Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaige Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101930605","display_name":"Li Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010392575","display_name":"Xuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-5435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-5435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075311656","display_name":"Qi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-7562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-7562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063901096","display_name":"Fei Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-9590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-9590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006520303","display_name":"Xin-Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-8367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-8367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023755254","display_name":"Huazhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-353X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87358856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"389","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6856598854064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5662490129470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5377355813980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5204301476478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.491534560918808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4796619713306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.4458659887313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4427642822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-processing","display_name":"Digital image processing","score":0.4361395537853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4053837060928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3844570517539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.364982008934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32153862714767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20085662603378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12469100952148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1201280951499939}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6856598854064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5662490129470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5377355813980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5204301476478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.491534560918808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4796619713306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.4458659887313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4427642822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Digital image processing","level":4,"score":0.4361395537853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4053837060928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3844570517539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.364982008934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32153862714767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20085662603378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12469100952148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1201280951499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2937227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2937227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4493934510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91648116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5098949235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC1500601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5490320317","display_name":"\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u56fe\u50cf\u76ee\u6807\u63a2\u6d4b\u5bb9\u9519\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5728\u8f68\u8fd1\u4f3c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41871245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7723158336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1702501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327539","display_name":"Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1969302331","https://openalex.org/W2008802978","https://openalex.org/W2014307680","https://openalex.org/W2018657325","https://openalex.org/W2019496413","https://openalex.org/W2033357394","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2067523571","https://openalex.org/W2070247293","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2124238461","https://openalex.org/W2132729131","https://openalex.org/W2132875803","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2207470643","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2313470187","https://openalex.org/W2331737637","https://openalex.org/W2511743527","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2530946407","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2766143712","https://openalex.org/W2800421099","https://openalex.org/W2909960838","https://openalex.org/W2945569829","https://openalex.org/W2954181867","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963671426","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6762976051","https://openalex.org/W6765140745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362172335","https://openalex.org/W2351591057","https://openalex.org/W2292298797","https://openalex.org/W2378615291","https://openalex.org/W2384742169","https://openalex.org/W2166845205","https://openalex.org/W2387185033","https://openalex.org/W2370510060","https://openalex.org/W1988327542","https://openalex.org/W2390918033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70],"the":[1,21,41,47,62,130,143,154,157,163,216],"era":[2],"of":[3,26,33,43,49,86,117,132,137,145,156,218],"Artificial":[4],"Intelligence":[5],"(AI),":[6],"bio-inspired":[7],"perceptual":[8],"computing":[9],"system":[10,158],"design":[11],"brings":[12],"favorable":[13],"opportunities,":[14],"while":[15],"still":[16],"facing":[17],"considerable":[18],"challenges":[19],"in":[20,29,78],"meantime.":[22],"Especially":[23],"for":[24,66,112,228],"tasks":[25],"image":[27,184],"recognition":[28],"power-limited":[30],"vision-based":[31,230],"Internet":[32],"Things":[34],"(IoT)":[35],"devices,":[36],"energy":[37,63,209],"constraints":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,159,206],"end":[42],"Dennard":[44],"scaling":[45],"limit":[46],"performance":[48],"Neural":[50,189],"Network":[51,190],"(NN)":[52],"algorithms":[53],"on":[54,148],"popular":[55],"digital":[56,133],"platforms,":[57],"which":[58,99],"would":[59],"not":[60],"reach":[61],"efficiency":[64,210],"requirement":[65],"embedded":[67],"AI":[68],"applications.":[69,233],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"a":[73,96,180,187,225],"processing":[74,124,192,220],"near":[75,127],"sensor":[76,185],"architecture":[77],"mixed-signal":[79,173,200],"domain":[80],"with":[81,107,179,195,211],"CMOS":[82,199],"Image":[83],"Sensor":[84],"(CIS)":[85],"convolutional-kernel-readout":[87],"method":[88],"is":[89,93,177],"proposed.":[90],"Visual":[91],"data":[92],"collected":[94],"from":[95],"smart":[97],"CIS,":[98],"can":[100],"realize":[101],"maximum":[102],"5":[103,105],"\u00d7":[104,182],"kernel-readout":[106],"minimum":[108],"one":[109],"slide":[110],"step":[111],"convolutional":[113],"operations.":[114],"The":[115],"outputs":[116],"CIS":[118,128],"are":[119],"directly":[120],"processed":[121],"by":[122],"analog":[123,146],"units":[125],"locating":[126],"without":[129],"constraint":[131],"clock":[134],"and":[135,162,169,186],"bottleneck":[136],"Analog-to-Digital":[138],"Converter":[139],"(ADC).":[140],"By":[141],"analyzing":[142],"effects":[144],"noise":[147,161],"classification":[149],"accuracy,":[150],"we":[151],"further":[152],"evaluate":[153],"fault-tolerance":[155],"circuit":[160],"device":[164],"imperfection,":[165],"such":[166],"as":[167],"mismatch":[168],"process":[170],"variation.":[171],"A":[172],"visual":[174],"perception":[175],"chip":[176],"fabricated":[178],"32":[181,183],"Binarized":[188],"(BNN)":[191],"array":[193],"integrated":[194],"SMIC":[196],"180nm":[197],"standard":[198],"process.":[201],"Measurement":[202],"results":[203],"show":[204],"up":[205],"545.4":[207],"GOPS/W":[208],"1.8mW":[212],"power":[213],"consumption":[214],"taking":[215],"advantages":[217],"ADC-free":[219],"architecture.":[221],"This":[222],"work":[223],"provides":[224],"promising":[226],"alternative":[227],"low-power":[229],"IoT":[231],"intelligent":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
