{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904062476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2883966","title":"A Resource-Efficient and Side-Channel Secure Hardware Implementation of Ring-LWE Cryptographic Processor","display_name":"A Resource-Efficient and Side-Channel Secure Hardware Implementation of Ring-LWE Cryptographic Processor","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904062476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2883966","mag":"2904062476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2018.2883966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2883966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440896","display_name":"Dongsheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-1932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-1932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438382","display_name":"Cong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-8754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-8754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037848927","display_name":"Hui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018747894","display_name":"Chen Yu-yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-6542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394512","display_name":"Mingyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-3971"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShenZhen Zhongke Xunlian Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShenZhen Zhongke Xunlian Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89788567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"4","first_page":"1474","last_page":"1483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7478785514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7227210402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6777910590171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5976282954216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5309837460517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.503062903881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.49430131912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24660509824752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11059567332267761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7478785514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7227210402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6777910590171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5976282954216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5309837460517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.503062903881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.49430131912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24660509824752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11059567332267761}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2018.2883966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2883966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1546832378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4164790987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HUST: 2018KFYYXJJ056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159145550","https://openalex.org/W179223734","https://openalex.org/W1014461153","https://openalex.org/W1525538795","https://openalex.org/W1580045882","https://openalex.org/W1614548964","https://openalex.org/W1669999576","https://openalex.org/W2021211179","https://openalex.org/W2038619601","https://openalex.org/W2040236464","https://openalex.org/W2054099073","https://openalex.org/W2058180416","https://openalex.org/W2061949491","https://openalex.org/W2069285815","https://openalex.org/W2071825329","https://openalex.org/W2080546540","https://openalex.org/W2099570668","https://openalex.org/W2106970188","https://openalex.org/W2113992957","https://openalex.org/W2274238134","https://openalex.org/W2344654957","https://openalex.org/W2404668229","https://openalex.org/W2520282206","https://openalex.org/W2563052397","https://openalex.org/W2602081350","https://openalex.org/W2616692762","https://openalex.org/W2753380128","https://openalex.org/W2758397814","https://openalex.org/W2900370870","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3029097307","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W3121146673","https://openalex.org/W6607360421","https://openalex.org/W6626588369","https://openalex.org/W6636514393","https://openalex.org/W6676339310","https://openalex.org/W6694457538","https://openalex.org/W6713857542","https://openalex.org/W6744520323","https://openalex.org/W6755631891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794898833","https://openalex.org/W3006344745","https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W2103519941","https://openalex.org/W3180573957","https://openalex.org/W2162805750","https://openalex.org/W2043669269","https://openalex.org/W1968560271","https://openalex.org/W4388856880","https://openalex.org/W2081998479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lattice-based":[0],"cryptography":[1,120],"has":[2],"shown":[3],"great":[4],"potential":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,40,83,91,111],"its":[8],"resistance":[9],"against":[10,86,184],"quantum":[11],"attacks.":[12,186],"With":[13],"the":[14,92,130,169],"security":[15],"requirements":[16],"for":[17,118],"high-precision":[18],"Gaussian":[19,63,79],"sampling":[20],"and":[21,53,71,159],"complex":[22],"polynomial":[23],"multiplication":[24],"over":[25],"rings,":[26],"as":[27,29],"well":[28],"storage":[30],"of":[31],"large":[32,72],"public-keys,":[33],"it":[34,150],"is":[35,59,75,81,109,127,172],"extremely":[36],"challengeable":[37],"but":[38,179],"important":[39],"implement":[41],"lattice-based":[42],"schemes":[43],"on":[44,97,129,142],"resources":[45],"constrained":[46],"devices.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"a":[51,98,143],"resource-efficient":[52],"side-channel":[54,87,185],"secure":[55,85,182],"Ring-LWE":[56,119,170],"cryptographic":[57],"processor":[58,136,171],"presented.":[60],"A":[61,102],"discrete":[62],"sampler":[64,80],"with":[65,121,164],"constant":[66],"response":[67],"time,":[68],"high":[69,122],"precision,":[70],"distribution":[73],"tails":[74],"designed.":[76],"The":[77,124,135],"proposed":[78],"proven":[82],"be":[84],"timing":[88,93],"attack":[89,95],"according":[90],"analysis":[94],"results":[96],"FPGA-based":[99],"testing":[100],"platform.":[101,134],"universal":[103],"module":[104],"MPE":[105],"(Modular":[106],"Processing":[107],"Element)":[108],"designed":[110],"carry":[112],"out":[113],"all":[114],"basic":[115],"modular":[116],"operations":[117],"speed.":[123],"prototype":[125],"verification":[126],"performed":[128],"Xilinx":[131],"Spartan-6":[132],"FPGA":[133],"can":[137],"execute":[138],"an":[139],"encryption/decryption":[140],"operation":[141],"256-bit":[144],"message":[145],"in":[146,176,181],"4.5/0.9":[147],"ms":[148],"whilst":[149],"consumes":[151],"only":[152,175],"1307":[153],"LUTs,":[154],"889":[155],"FFs,":[156],"4":[157],"BRAMs,":[158],"none":[160],"DSP":[161],"module.":[162],"Compared":[163],"other":[165],"related":[166],"hardware":[167,177],"implementations,":[168],"advantageous":[173],"not":[174],"efficiency":[178],"also":[180],"protection":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T06:14:27.290980","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}