{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883481665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2846647","title":"Statistics-Based Digital Background Calibration of Residue Amplifier Nonlinearity in Pipelined ADCs","display_name":"Statistics-Based Digital Background Calibration of Residue Amplifier Nonlinearity in Pipelined ADCs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883481665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2846647","mag":"2883481665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2018.2846647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2846647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079158055","display_name":"Hamidreza Mafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-2603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99861883","display_name":"University of Zanjan","ror":"https://ror.org/05e34ej29","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99861883"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Mafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-2603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99861883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004107773","display_name":"Mostafa Yargholi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-0563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99861883","display_name":"University of Zanjan","ror":"https://ror.org/05e34ej29","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99861883"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Yargholi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-0563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99861883"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044765744","display_name":"Mohammad Yavari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-2979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Yavari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Circuits Design Laboratory, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-2979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Circuits Design Laboratory, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76244348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"12","first_page":"4097","last_page":"4109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6830254197120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5865020155906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.533180296421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-number-generator","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","score":0.48094624280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.46657904982566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4437345862388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.4379408657550812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4124869406223297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3138371407985687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26810169219970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.24825787544250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.149282306432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10376065969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09877103567123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.07831674814224243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6830254197120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5865020155906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.533180296421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.48094624280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.46657904982566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4437345862388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.4379408657550812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4124869406223297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3138371407985687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26810169219970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.24825787544250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.149282306432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10376065969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09877103567123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.07831674814224243}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2018.2846647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2846647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528115525","https://openalex.org/W1810277260","https://openalex.org/W1990311738","https://openalex.org/W2000922128","https://openalex.org/W2012711438","https://openalex.org/W2039122483","https://openalex.org/W2096716877","https://openalex.org/W2096817352","https://openalex.org/W2099731160","https://openalex.org/W2099745999","https://openalex.org/W2101468035","https://openalex.org/W2106999185","https://openalex.org/W2109289538","https://openalex.org/W2111135834","https://openalex.org/W2113109526","https://openalex.org/W2128817857","https://openalex.org/W2130546641","https://openalex.org/W2133455148","https://openalex.org/W2142053335","https://openalex.org/W2144429965","https://openalex.org/W2150650677","https://openalex.org/W2153122499","https://openalex.org/W2157722460","https://openalex.org/W2159900105","https://openalex.org/W2177594704","https://openalex.org/W2291623598","https://openalex.org/W2309088529","https://openalex.org/W2343936241","https://openalex.org/W2482792214","https://openalex.org/W2520874982","https://openalex.org/W2567786100","https://openalex.org/W2580541706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2988803943","https://openalex.org/W3195404686","https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W3197756843","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2998159925","https://openalex.org/W2161451071","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2102542442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,43],"this":[1,82],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,62,72],"statistics-based":[4],"digital":[5],"background":[6],"calibration":[7],"technique":[8,17],"for":[9,71,89],"pipelined":[10,74],"analog-to-digital":[11],"converters":[12],"(ADCs)":[13],"is":[14,91,103],"presented.":[15],"This":[16],"employs":[18],"the":[19,30,35,47,50,56,79,98],"residue":[20,36,58],"voltage":[21],"probability":[22,59],"distribution":[23,60],"to":[24,45,77,107],"continuously":[25],"estimate":[26],"and":[27,40,54,100],"digitally":[28],"eliminate":[29],"conversion":[31,48],"errors":[32],"resulted":[33],"from":[34,105],"amplifier":[37],"gain":[38],"error":[39],"third-order":[41],"nonlinearity.":[42],"order":[44],"remove":[46],"errors,":[49],"proposed":[51],"method":[52],"evaluates":[53],"corrects":[55],"digitized":[57],"exploiting":[61],"two-level":[63],"pseudorandom-noise":[64],"sequence.":[65],"Behavioral":[66],"simulation":[67],"results":[68],"are":[69],"provided":[70],"12-bit":[73],"ADC":[75],"architecture":[76],"validate":[78],"effectiveness":[80],"of":[81,87],"scheme.":[83],"The":[84],"required":[85],"number":[86],"conversions":[88],"convergence":[90],"approximately":[92],"5":[93],"\u00d7":[94],"106.":[95],"With":[96],"calibration,":[97],"signal-to-noise":[99],"distortion":[101],"ratio":[102],"improved":[104],"49.9":[106],"70.9":[108],"dB.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}