{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793369837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2795342","title":"A Low-Latency and Area-Efficient Gram\u2013Schmidt-Based QRD Architecture for MIMO Receiver","display_name":"A Low-Latency and Area-Efficient Gram\u2013Schmidt-Based QRD Architecture for MIMO Receiver","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793369837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2795342","mag":"2793369837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2018.2795342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2795342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091058036","display_name":"Dongyeob Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyeob Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101839916","display_name":"Jongsun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-0024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongsun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-0024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72318984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"8","first_page":"2606","last_page":"2616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.49554693698883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4810962378978729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4661701023578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33387261629104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.33351022005081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3249010741710663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18717965483665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.15707272291183472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.49554693698883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4810962378978729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4661701023578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33387261629104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.33351022005081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3249010741710663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18717965483665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.15707272291183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2018.2795342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2795342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7565781445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2016R1A2B4015329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969237870","https://openalex.org/W1971662204","https://openalex.org/W1981745143","https://openalex.org/W1986611231","https://openalex.org/W2010791828","https://openalex.org/W2042696716","https://openalex.org/W2056826247","https://openalex.org/W2078576700","https://openalex.org/W2083987357","https://openalex.org/W2103925854","https://openalex.org/W2108902284","https://openalex.org/W2115452265","https://openalex.org/W2129752076","https://openalex.org/W2133427951","https://openalex.org/W2142441514","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2541204438","https://openalex.org/W2590699196","https://openalex.org/W2757504691","https://openalex.org/W6676440633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588198209","https://openalex.org/W3200723557","https://openalex.org/W1909006023","https://openalex.org/W4205824991","https://openalex.org/W2307385607","https://openalex.org/W4312713546","https://openalex.org/W2362195430","https://openalex.org/W2347494122","https://openalex.org/W2802298219","https://openalex.org/W2393996461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"a":[1,32,108],"low":[2,47,142],"algorithmic":[3],"complexity,":[4],"Gram\u2013Schmidt":[5],"(GS)":[6],"method":[7],"has":[8,134],"not":[9],"been":[10,136],"widely":[11],"employed":[12],"in":[13,148,184],"the":[14,42,55,68,73,76,81,87,100,103,110,117,124,149,171,192],"dedicated":[15],"hardware":[16,125,182],"architecture":[17,39,49,174],"of":[18,78,90,102,119,130,180],"matrix":[19],"decomposition":[20,37],"due":[21],"to":[22,123],"its":[23],"expensive":[24],"square-root":[25],"and":[26,34,58,96,151,157,177,186],"division":[27,74,111],"operations.":[28,66],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"low-latency":[33],"area-efficient":[35],"QR":[36],"(QRD)":[38],"based":[40],"on":[41],"modified":[43],"GS":[44],"method.":[45],"The":[46,128,140],"complexity":[48,143],"is":[50,85],"enabled":[51],"by":[52,75],"efficiently":[53],"substituting":[54],"square":[56,79,120],"roots":[57],"divisions":[59],"with":[60,116,138,165,191],"coordinate":[61],"rotation":[62,88,97,105],"digital":[63],"computer":[64],"(CORDIC)":[65],"In":[67],"proposed":[69,141,172],"architecture,":[70],"when":[71],"implementing":[72],"results":[77,164],"root,":[80,121],"key":[82],"design":[83],"point":[84],"that":[86,170],"directions":[89],"CORDIC":[91,104],"are":[92],"shared":[93],"between":[94],"vectoring":[95],"modes":[98],"using":[99],"orthogonality":[101],"matrix.":[106],"As":[107],"result,":[109],"operation":[112],"can":[113,145],"be":[114,146],"performed":[115],"assistance":[118],"leading":[122],"cost":[126],"reduction.":[127],"overhead":[129],"scaling":[131],"factor":[132],"compensation":[133],"also":[135],"reduced":[137],"pre-scaling.":[139],"scheme":[144],"implemented":[147],"semipipelined":[150,173],"iterative":[152],"architectures":[153],"for":[154],"high":[155],"throughput":[156],"small":[158],"area":[159],"applications,":[160],"respectively.":[161],"Hardware":[162],"implementation":[163],"65-nm":[166],"CMOS":[167],"process":[168],"show":[169],"achieves":[175],"17%":[176],"141%":[178],"improvement":[179],"normalized":[181],"efficiency":[183],"QRD":[185],"projection":[187],"operations,":[188],"respectively,":[189],"compared":[190],"conventional":[193],"approaches.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
