{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2757401473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2750905","title":"A $200~\\mu \\text{m}$ by $100~\\mu \\text{m}$ Smart Submersible System With an Average Current Consumption of 1.3nA and a Compatible Voltage Converter","display_name":"A $200~\\mu \\text{m}$ by $100~\\mu \\text{m}$ Smart Submersible System With an Average Current Consumption of 1.3nA and a Compatible Voltage Converter","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2757401473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2750905","mag":"2757401473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2750905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2750905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018710765","display_name":"Dominic A. Funke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-6254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic A. Funke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-6254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047492744","display_name":"Philipp Hillger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-7405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Hillger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017490894","display_name":"J. Oehm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-3796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jurgen Oehm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Analogue Integrated Circuits Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analogue Integrated Circuits Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066176671","display_name":"Pierre Mayr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Mayr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052603568","display_name":"Lukas Straczek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Straczek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Analogue Integrated Circuits Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analogue Integrated Circuits Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029938305","display_name":"Nils Pohl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-638X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Pohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057541113","display_name":"John S. McCaskill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-7357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John S. McCaskill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsystems Chemistry and BioIT, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsystems Chemistry and BioIT, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56603726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"12","first_page":"3013","last_page":"3024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.678502082824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6637189388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.651125431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsystem","display_name":"Microsystem","score":0.5960720181465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.49102187156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage","display_name":"Low voltage","score":0.4807841181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.41298577189445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3677750825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3657681345939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.24979791045188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.08306288719177246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.678502082824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6637189388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.651125431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151054161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379385","display_name":"Microsystem","level":2,"score":0.5960720181465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.49102187156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.4807841181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.41298577189445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3677750825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3657681345939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24979791045188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08306288719177246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2750905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2750905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-518509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-518509.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FHR","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/254860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/254860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2406049672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"318671","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W851082960","https://openalex.org/W1535623310","https://openalex.org/W1577607842","https://openalex.org/W1973359205","https://openalex.org/W1979161788","https://openalex.org/W1984065836","https://openalex.org/W1992650325","https://openalex.org/W1996271793","https://openalex.org/W2019952623","https://openalex.org/W2022010275","https://openalex.org/W2029470273","https://openalex.org/W2035621346","https://openalex.org/W2053779241","https://openalex.org/W2091345750","https://openalex.org/W2126451596","https://openalex.org/W2144942749","https://openalex.org/W2160018412","https://openalex.org/W2165084835","https://openalex.org/W2168775835","https://openalex.org/W2315481314","https://openalex.org/W2499745060","https://openalex.org/W2521689590","https://openalex.org/W2524186219","https://openalex.org/W2564102517","https://openalex.org/W2565031842","https://openalex.org/W3089765963","https://openalex.org/W3117609753","https://openalex.org/W3161845371","https://openalex.org/W6683680244","https://openalex.org/W6698629086","https://openalex.org/W6881465493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988460209","https://openalex.org/W1495423923","https://openalex.org/W2289396372","https://openalex.org/W2884343688","https://openalex.org/W2005078723","https://openalex.org/W2377074248","https://openalex.org/W2360146884","https://openalex.org/W2186351580","https://openalex.org/W2741364718","https://openalex.org/W2378686964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,198],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,19,31,36,41,46,53,80,103,133,151,161,166,177,210],"novel":[6],"microscale":[7],"\u201cSmart":[8],"Dust\u201d":[9],"type":[10],"system":[11,85,124,143],"designed":[12,62,173,215],"to":[13,51,56,63,67,93,99,127,164,200,206,220],"operate":[14],"in":[15,176],"aqueous":[16,73],"solutions,":[17],"with":[18,79,87,105,135,194],"volume":[20],"of":[21,116,122,139,148,156],"200":[22],"\u03bcm":[23,26],"\u00d7":[24,27],"100":[25],"35":[28],"\u03bcm,":[29],"called":[30],"lablet.":[32,224],"The":[33,84,118,141],"lablet":[34,114,192],"contains":[35],"20Hz":[37],"low-power":[38],"clock":[39],"generator,":[40],"sensor,":[42],"electric":[43],"actuators,":[44],"and":[45,66,95,174,182],"simple":[47],"finite":[48],"state":[49],"machine":[50],"implement":[52],"predefined":[54,167],"response":[55],"the":[57,113,123,146,183,191,208,223],"sensor":[58],"input.":[59],"It":[60],"is":[61,96,217],"be":[64,100,128],"rechargeable":[65],"communicate":[68],"via":[69],"local":[70],"contacts":[71],"through":[72],"solution":[74,163],"either":[75],"between":[76],"lablets":[77,170],"or":[78],"docking":[81],"station":[82],"chip.":[83],"operates":[86],"supply":[88,207],"voltages":[89],"ranging":[90],"from":[91,102,132],"0.3":[92],"1.8V":[94],"thus":[97],"suitable":[98],"supplied":[101,131],"capacitor":[104,134],"decreasing":[106],"voltage.":[107],"An":[108],"input":[109],"rectifier":[110],"allows":[111,145],"powering":[112],"independent":[115],"polarity.":[117],"average":[119],"current":[120],"consumption":[121],"was":[125],"measured":[126],"1.3nA":[129],"when":[130],"an":[136],"initial":[137],"voltage":[138,203,211],"1.8V.":[140],"small":[142,218],"scale":[144],"investigation":[147],"\u201cpourable":[149],"electronics\u201d,":[150],"concept":[152],"where":[153],"large":[154],"quantities":[155],"microsystems":[157],"are":[158],"deployed":[159],"within":[160],"chemical":[162],"perform":[165],"task.":[168],"Several":[169],"have":[171],"been":[172,187,214],"fabricated":[175],"standard":[178],"180nm":[179],"CMOS":[180],"process":[181],"electrical":[184],"functionality":[185],"has":[186,213],"verified":[188],"by":[189],"contacting":[190],"electrodes":[193],"multiple":[195],"probe":[196],"needles.":[197],"order":[199],"use":[201],"low":[202],"energy":[204],"sources":[205],"lablet,":[209],"up-converter":[212],"which":[216],"enough":[219],"fit":[221],"on":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}