{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2624514417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2705051","title":"High-Dimensional Computing as a Nanoscalable Paradigm","display_name":"High-Dimensional Computing as a Nanoscalable Paradigm","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2624514417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2705051","mag":"2624514417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2705051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2705051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050167359","display_name":"Abbas Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-4970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038937805","display_name":"Sohum Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohum Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065925392","display_name":"Denis Kleyko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-6155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Kleyko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013958028","display_name":"E. Paxon Frady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-4544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Paxon Frady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032674291","display_name":"Bruno A. Olshausen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Olshausen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025002766","display_name":"Pentti Kanerva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pentti Kanerva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088933304","display_name":"Jan M. Rabaey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-4855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan M. Rabaey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050167359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98308802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"9","first_page":"2508","last_page":"2521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7592688202857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7260306477546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.6884250640869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6498857140541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5279219150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-computing","display_name":"Cognitive computing","score":0.5038067698478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48328498005867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.4499557316303253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43199530243873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4119570851325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3981015682220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3657774329185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34192168712615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.1392635703086853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7592688202857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7260306477546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.6884250640869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6498857140541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5279219150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92298750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008161","display_name":"Cognitive computing","level":3,"score":0.5038067698478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48328498005867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.4499557316303253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43199530243873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4119570851325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3981015682220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3657774329185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34192168712615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1392635703086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2705051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2705051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320712","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W1129461654","https://openalex.org/W1486990335","https://openalex.org/W1530377216","https://openalex.org/W1584739173","https://openalex.org/W1601950028","https://openalex.org/W1615576556","https://openalex.org/W1650678991","https://openalex.org/W1928989178","https://openalex.org/W1967863443","https://openalex.org/W1983578042","https://openalex.org/W1988257143","https://openalex.org/W2003033403","https://openalex.org/W2004823737","https://openalex.org/W2008264172","https://openalex.org/W2022508996","https://openalex.org/W2034750153","https://openalex.org/W2040800721","https://openalex.org/W2041575755","https://openalex.org/W2042588857","https://openalex.org/W2062081500","https://openalex.org/W2064989338","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2093171054","https://openalex.org/W2104301163","https://openalex.org/W2106963348","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2157306293","https://openalex.org/W2180884865","https://openalex.org/W2405533440","https://openalex.org/W2476008461","https://openalex.org/W2490345425","https://openalex.org/W2524326635","https://openalex.org/W2531011100","https://openalex.org/W2554538030","https://openalex.org/W2580157614","https://openalex.org/W2583857261","https://openalex.org/W2736172195","https://openalex.org/W2759478409","https://openalex.org/W2950268605","https://openalex.org/W6635121792","https://openalex.org/W6713710831","https://openalex.org/W6732421801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226092179","https://openalex.org/W4306791972","https://openalex.org/W3212867030","https://openalex.org/W2910319223","https://openalex.org/W2946056769","https://openalex.org/W1740594162","https://openalex.org/W4206710152","https://openalex.org/W4205483694","https://openalex.org/W4285818394","https://openalex.org/W4220850619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,76],"outline":[1],"a":[2,48,78,138],"model":[3],"of":[4,44,51,99,143],"computing":[5,24,46,120],"with":[6,33,85,113],"high-dimensional":[7],"(HD)":[8],"vectors-where":[9],"the":[10,14],"dimensionality":[11],"is":[12,17,121],"in":[13],"thousands.":[15],"It":[16],"built":[18],"on":[19,54],"ideas":[20,34],"from":[21,35,87],"traditional":[22],"(symbolic)":[23],"and":[25,30,39,61,81,92,111,133,136],"artificial":[26],"neural":[27],"nets/deep":[28],"learning,":[29,60],"complements":[31],"them":[32],"probability":[36],"theory,":[37],"statistics,":[38],"abstract":[40],"algebra.":[41],"Key":[42],"properties":[43],"HD":[45,119],"include":[47],"well-defined":[49],"set":[50],"arithmetic":[52],"operations":[53],"vectors,":[55],"generality,":[56],"scalability,":[57],"robustness,":[58],"fast":[59],"ubiquitous":[62],"parallel":[63],"operation,":[64],"making":[65],"it":[66],"possible":[67],"to":[68,103,140],"develop":[69],"efficient":[70],"algorithms":[71,115],"for":[72,124],"large-scale":[73],"real-world":[74],"tasks.":[75,146],"present":[77],"2-D":[79],"architecture":[80],"demonstrate":[82],"its":[83],"functionality":[84],"examples":[86],"text":[88],"analysis,":[89],"pattern":[90],"recognition,":[91],"biosignal":[93],"processing,":[94],"while":[95],"achieving":[96],"high":[97],"levels":[98],"classification":[100],"accuracy":[101],"(close":[102],"or":[104],"above":[105],"conventional":[106],"machine-learning":[107],"methods),":[108],"energy":[109,134],"efficiency,":[110,135],"robustness":[112],"simple":[114],"that":[116],"learn":[117],"fast.":[118],"ideally":[122],"suited":[123],"3-D":[125],"nanometer":[126],"circuit":[127,131],"technology,":[128],"vastly":[129],"increasing":[130],"density":[132],"paving":[137],"way":[139],"systems":[141],"capable":[142],"advanced":[144],"cognitive":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}