{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2622634933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2703869","title":"A Single-Chip Image Sensor Node With Energy Harvesting From a CMOS Pixel Array","display_name":"A Single-Chip Image Sensor Node With Energy Harvesting From a CMOS Pixel Array","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2622634933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2703869","mag":"2622634933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2703869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2703869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063908850","display_name":"Jong Hwan Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-4318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong Hwan Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-4318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034967541","display_name":"Mohammad Faisal Amir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Faisal Amir","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085443444","display_name":"Khondker Zakir Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-4254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khondker Zakir Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002187268","display_name":"Taesik Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-3772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taesik Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-3772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009591041","display_name":"Saibal Mukhopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-3390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saibal Mukhopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65002142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"9","first_page":"2295","last_page":"2307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-gating","display_name":"Power gating","score":0.6686153411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.653746485710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6302527785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5468359589576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.47267255187034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.45760297775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.44658005237579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4459357261657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4372761845588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4254283010959625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4206581711769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.40939533710479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.40323567390441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3974655568599701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.31286782026290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23412609100341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17192348837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15311375260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.13107573986053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.09932470321655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09500452876091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07745745778083801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780700455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236515","display_name":"Power gating","level":4,"score":0.6686153411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.653746485710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6302527785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5468359589576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.47267255187034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45760297775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.44658005237579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4459357261657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4372761845588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4254283010959625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4206581711769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40939533710479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.40323567390441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3974655568599701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31286782026290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23412609100341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17192348837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15311375260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.13107573986053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.09932470321655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09500452876091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07745745778083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2703869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2703869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483191261","https://openalex.org/W1553318577","https://openalex.org/W1567348227","https://openalex.org/W1619057246","https://openalex.org/W2006317948","https://openalex.org/W2014203684","https://openalex.org/W2033009866","https://openalex.org/W2076496703","https://openalex.org/W2095902512","https://openalex.org/W2109916578","https://openalex.org/W2117894815","https://openalex.org/W2138815064","https://openalex.org/W2165131946","https://openalex.org/W2334177479","https://openalex.org/W2983630138","https://openalex.org/W6633003887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022123780","https://openalex.org/W2349576212","https://openalex.org/W4384282188","https://openalex.org/W2069998638","https://openalex.org/W1981776476","https://openalex.org/W2352535872","https://openalex.org/W2382967348","https://openalex.org/W2107073676","https://openalex.org/W4255753471","https://openalex.org/W2565551736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,18,67,87,130],"single-chip":[4],"image":[5,59,64,166],"sensor":[6,82,107,151],"node":[7,83],"with":[8],"energy":[9,43],"harvesting":[10],"from":[11,44],"the":[12,45,57,75,97,142,149,155],"pixel":[13,22,46,94],"array.":[14],"The":[15,63,80,93,103,123,145],"design":[16,138],"includes":[17],"128":[19],"\u00d7":[20],"96":[21],"array":[23,95],"that":[24],"can":[25,125],"be":[26,126],"reconfigured":[27],"to":[28,34,55,73,128],"form":[29],"an":[30],"on-chip":[31],"photovoltaic":[32],"cell":[33],"harvest":[35],"energy.":[36],"An":[37],"onchip":[38],"power":[39,56,100,104,118],"management":[40],"unit":[41,72],"harvests":[42],"array,":[47],"and":[48,61,120,154,168],"delivers":[49],"multiple":[50],"regulated":[51],"output":[52],"voltage":[53],"domains":[54],"sensor,":[58],"processor,":[60],"memory.":[62,122],"processor":[65],"is":[66,84,108,152,162],"low-overhead":[68],"moving":[69,159],"object":[70,160],"detection":[71,161],"reduce":[74],"volume":[76],"of":[77,101,106,148],"transmitted":[78],"data.":[79],"proposed":[81],"implemented":[85],"on":[86],"single":[88],"die":[89],"in":[90],"130-nm":[91],"technology.":[92],"demonstrates":[96],"peak":[98],"harvested":[99],"2.1\u03bcW.":[102],"dissipation":[105],"reduced":[109],"by":[110],"utilizing":[111],"low-power":[112],"circuit":[113],"techniques,":[114],"including":[115],"block-level":[116],"pipelining,":[117],"gating,":[119],"low-voltage":[121],"system":[124],"self-powered":[127],"process":[129],"frame":[131],"at":[132],"every":[133],"7":[134],"s.":[135],"We":[136],"discuss":[137],"approaches":[139],"for":[140,157,164],"improving":[141],"self-power":[143,170],"performance.":[144,171],"noise":[146],"characteristic":[147],"reconfigurable":[150],"analyzed,":[153],"need":[156],"noise-robust":[158],"evaluated":[163],"better":[165],"quality":[167],"improved":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}