{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2737956882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2687060","title":"Theoretical Model of E<sup>n</sup>DP to Achieve Energy-Efficient SRAM","display_name":"Theoretical Model of E<sup>n</sup>DP to Achieve Energy-Efficient SRAM","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2737956882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2687060","mag":"2737956882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2687060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2687060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436710","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-1968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380784","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0721-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041996900","display_name":"Shiquan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-3351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiquan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010854215","display_name":"Zhuoqi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-6579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoqi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074779338","display_name":"Wei\u2010Bo Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0301-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weibo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043300709","display_name":"Li Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-9281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100436710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08475802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"8","first_page":"2049","last_page":"2062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7563945055007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.54381263256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5041371583938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.48058271408081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.424085408449173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4107622802257538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27292972803115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.25455257296562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14295059442520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12878307700157166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7563945055007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.54381263256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5041371583938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.48058271408081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.424085408449173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4107622802257538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27292972803115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25455257296562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14295059442520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12878307700157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2687060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2687060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6237115070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61271089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566978853","https://openalex.org/W1506040058","https://openalex.org/W1518236483","https://openalex.org/W1565760642","https://openalex.org/W1753784006","https://openalex.org/W1966679431","https://openalex.org/W1966879182","https://openalex.org/W1967171495","https://openalex.org/W1985265430","https://openalex.org/W1998525920","https://openalex.org/W2006281109","https://openalex.org/W2010635096","https://openalex.org/W2025673899","https://openalex.org/W2036742943","https://openalex.org/W2045074698","https://openalex.org/W2051161045","https://openalex.org/W2057899754","https://openalex.org/W2058679903","https://openalex.org/W2097502965","https://openalex.org/W2098931949","https://openalex.org/W2099087448","https://openalex.org/W2122511470","https://openalex.org/W2127628206","https://openalex.org/W2132691326","https://openalex.org/W2133041543","https://openalex.org/W2136913988","https://openalex.org/W2137177817","https://openalex.org/W2144289559","https://openalex.org/W2149009819","https://openalex.org/W2151276975","https://openalex.org/W2154664075","https://openalex.org/W2158933924","https://openalex.org/W2162154752","https://openalex.org/W2163007940","https://openalex.org/W2164967515","https://openalex.org/W2166411696","https://openalex.org/W2339353840","https://openalex.org/W2533651815","https://openalex.org/W4248880206","https://openalex.org/W6630088410","https://openalex.org/W6665077235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W2317200988","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W2562383580","https://openalex.org/W2169415604","https://openalex.org/W2171986175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"tradeoff":[1],"metric":[2,35],"of":[3,152,183,216],"the":[4,28,33,53,76,86,92,146,196],"energy":[5,18,40,118,166],"<sup":[6,12,79,123,171,179,186],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[7,13,80,124,155,172,180,187,207],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">n</sup>":[8,14,81,125],"-delay":[9],"product":[10,31],"(E":[11],"DP,":[15],"n>1)":[16],"for":[17,45,63,114,137],"efficiency":[19,119,167],"design":[20,61,70,96],"is":[21,112,140,161,190,205],"proposed":[22],"in":[23,133],"this":[24],"paper.":[25],"Compared":[26],"with":[27,85,104,233],"conventional":[29],"energy-delay":[30],"metric,":[32],"new":[34],"puts":[36],"more":[37,43],"weight":[38],"on":[39,169],"than":[41],"delay,":[42],"suitable":[44],"those":[46],"power-critical":[47],"mid/low-speed":[48],"applications.":[49],"We":[50,72],"first":[51],"establish":[52],"theoretical":[54,197],"model,":[55],"and":[56,66,90,94,107,117,142],"then":[57],"provide":[58],"comprehensive":[59],"optimum":[60,77],"points":[62],"various":[64],"processes":[65],"applications":[67,139],"as":[68],"energy-efficient":[69],"guidelines.":[71],"also":[73],"find":[74],"that":[75,217],"E":[78,122,170,178],"DP":[82,126,174,182],"operation":[83,116],"coincides":[84],"well-known":[87],"near-threshold":[88],"methodology,":[89,147],"discuss":[91],"challenges":[93],"possible":[95],"methods.":[97],"An":[98],"enhanced":[99],"hierarchical":[100],"bit-line":[101],"structure":[102],"along":[103],"8T-SRAM":[105],"cell":[106],"local":[108],"read/write":[109],"assist":[110],"circuits":[111],"introduced":[113],"robust":[115],"improvement,":[120],"facilitating":[121],"methodology.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"an":[129],"8-kb":[130],"SRAM":[131],"macro":[132],"180-nm":[134],"CMOS":[135],"technology":[136],"ultra-low-power":[138],"designed":[141],"fabricated":[143],"to":[144,163,238],"validate":[145],"where":[148],"a":[149],"supply":[150],"voltage":[151],"1.54":[153],"<inline-formula":[154,206],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[156,208],"<tex-math":[157,209],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{V}_{\\mathrm":[158],"{TH}}$":[159],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[160,212],"applied":[162],"obtain":[164],"maximum":[165],"based":[168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[173,181,188],"metric.":[175],"The":[176,223],"minimum":[177],"610":[184],"pJ":[185],"/GHz":[189],"obtained":[191],"at":[192,202,218],"0.65":[193,203],"V,":[194],"fitting":[195],"analysis":[198],"accurately.":[199],"Power":[200],"consumption":[201],"V":[204,232],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$14.89~\\mu":[210],"\\text{W}$":[211],",":[213],"only":[214],"2.6%":[215],"nominal":[219],"voltage,":[220],"1.8":[221],"V.":[222],"test":[224],"chip":[225],"can":[226],"operate":[227],"correctly":[228],"from":[229,236],"1.8to":[230],"0.6":[231],"frequency":[234],"scaling":[235],"400":[237],"15.5":[239],"MHz.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
