{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2509281929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2016.2576643","title":"A 0.45 V, Nano-Watt 0.033% Line Sensitivity MOSFET-Only Sub-Threshold Voltage Reference With no Amplifiers","display_name":"A 0.45 V, Nano-Watt 0.033% Line Sensitivity MOSFET-Only Sub-Threshold Voltage Reference With no Amplifiers","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2509281929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2016.2576643","mag":"2509281929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2016.2576643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2016.2576643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039575274","display_name":"Zhangming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083905619","display_name":"Jin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-5648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102241777","display_name":"Yutao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3075-4949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94446292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"9","first_page":"1370","last_page":"1380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"Voltage reference","score":0.7191850543022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-regulation","display_name":"Line regulation","score":0.6573191285133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6080296039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-voltage","display_name":"Threshold voltage","score":0.5959548950195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5948560237884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.593729555606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandgap-voltage-reference","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","score":0.5845493078231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5788673758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5784167647361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overdrive-voltage","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","score":0.5597121715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosfet","display_name":"MOSFET","score":0.5429418683052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-supply-rejection-ratio","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","score":0.4650823473930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.46089333295822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4598385691642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimming","display_name":"Trimming","score":0.43812960386276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout-voltage","display_name":"Dropout voltage","score":0.3905782103538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3753260672092438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.26810842752456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19211077690124512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.7191850543022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777901765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553328","display_name":"Line regulation","level":5,"score":0.6573191285133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6080296039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195370968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754002","display_name":"Threshold voltage","level":4,"score":0.5959548950195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5948560237884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.593729555606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127033052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48635","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","level":5,"score":0.5845493078231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5788673758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5784167647361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195905723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113634","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","level":5,"score":0.5597121715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778413303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210793","display_name":"MOSFET","level":4,"score":0.5429418683052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15892472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482413","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","level":4,"score":0.4650823473930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.46089333295822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4598385691642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56951928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3539213","display_name":"Trimming","level":2,"score":0.43812960386276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15032970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Dropout voltage","level":4,"score":0.3905782103538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3753260672092438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26810842752456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19211077690124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2016.2576643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2016.2576643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1599576452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61376033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4451373109","display_name":"\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u8d85\u4f4e\u529f\u8017CMOS\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u4e0eSoC\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61234002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G472479290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61322405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992273820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61306044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964559056","https://openalex.org/W1979008383","https://openalex.org/W1990011673","https://openalex.org/W2002738233","https://openalex.org/W2016590650","https://openalex.org/W2023632967","https://openalex.org/W2049704041","https://openalex.org/W2071500172","https://openalex.org/W2083212628","https://openalex.org/W2100518195","https://openalex.org/W2106837243","https://openalex.org/W2118526058","https://openalex.org/W2139801901","https://openalex.org/W2143638575","https://openalex.org/W2146031070","https://openalex.org/W2146324717","https://openalex.org/W2160509435","https://openalex.org/W2197404263","https://openalex.org/W2343034046","https://openalex.org/W2545806777","https://openalex.org/W4240276295","https://openalex.org/W6645318474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347289947","https://openalex.org/W2348464439","https://openalex.org/W2382444301","https://openalex.org/W2366264921","https://openalex.org/W2391055041","https://openalex.org/W2352004681","https://openalex.org/W2803626158","https://openalex.org/W2225727459","https://openalex.org/W2372624045","https://openalex.org/W2381696784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ultra-low":[1],"voltage,":[2],"low":[3,5,18],"power,":[4],"line":[6,79,149],"sensitivity":[7,19,80,150],"MOSFET-only":[8],"sub-threshold":[9,49],"voltage":[10,60,75,86],"reference":[11,74,87,105],"with":[12],"no":[13],"amplifiers":[14],"is":[15,20,39,68,81,126,134,162,170],"presented.":[16],"The":[17,36,84,99,153],"realized":[21],"by":[22],"the":[23,33,44,48,57,72,78,92,104,123,130,167],"difference":[24],"between":[25],"two":[26],"complementary":[27],"currents":[28],"and":[29,41,61,129,146],"second-order":[30],"compensation":[31],"improves":[32],"temperature":[34,132,139],"stability.":[35],"bulk-driven":[37],"technique":[38],"used":[40],"most":[42],"of":[43,141,151],"transistors":[45],"work":[46],"in":[47,56,91],"region,":[50],"which":[51],"allow":[52],"a":[53,65,109,138,147],"remarkable":[54],"reduction":[55],"minimum":[58],"supply":[59,112,115,155],"power":[62,124,154],"consumption.":[63],"Moreover,":[64],"trimming":[66],"circuit":[67],"adopted":[69],"to":[70,120,143],"compensate":[71],"process-related":[73],"variation":[76],"while":[77],"not":[82],"affected.":[83],"proposed":[85],"has":[88],"been":[89],"fabricated":[90],"0.18":[93],"\u03bcm":[94],"1.8":[95,121],"V":[96,111,122],"CMOS":[97],"process.":[98],"measurement":[100],"results":[101],"show":[102],"that":[103],"could":[106],"operate":[107],"on":[108],"0.45":[110,119],"voltage.":[113],"For":[114],"voltages":[116],"ranging":[117],"from":[118],"consumption":[125],"15.6":[127],"nW,":[128],"average":[131],"coefficient":[133],"59.4":[135],"ppm/\u00b0C":[136],"across":[137],"range":[140],"-40":[142],"85":[144],"\u00b0C":[145],"mean":[148],"0.033%.":[152],"rejection":[156],"ratio":[157],"measured":[158],"at":[159],"100":[160],"Hz":[161],"-50.3":[163],"dB.":[164],"In":[165],"addition,":[166],"chip":[168],"area":[169],"0.013":[171],"mm2.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
