{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1666324583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2015.2441965","title":"A CMOS Delta-Sigma PLL Transmitter with Efficient Modulation Bandwidth Calibration","display_name":"A CMOS Delta-Sigma PLL Transmitter with Efficient Modulation Bandwidth Calibration","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1666324583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2015.2441965","mag":"1666324583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2015.2441965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2015.2441965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041237834","display_name":"Mo Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-194X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129003","display_name":"SYSU-CMU International Joint Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02w30ae27","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071453879","display_name":"Dihu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5432-8149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129003","display_name":"SYSU-CMU International Joint Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02w30ae27","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dihu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054976374","display_name":"Jianping Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-8606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129003","display_name":"SYSU-CMU International Joint Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02w30ae27","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334942","display_name":"Hui Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5654-984X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101015048","display_name":"Ken Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101440271","display_name":"Xiaofeng Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-9741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129003","display_name":"SYSU-CMU International Joint Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02w30ae27","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071025160","display_name":"Yan L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9273-7576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84945914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"7","first_page":"1716","last_page":"1725"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.8342394828796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7498809695243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6523361206054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.590802013874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5792167782783508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5698991417884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4771551489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pll-multibit","display_name":"PLL multibit","score":0.44538772106170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3196181058883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2072092592716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18727806210517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.1492007076740265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.8342394828796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7498809695243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6523361206054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.590802013874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5792167782783508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5698991417884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4771551489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77881186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119642","display_name":"PLL multibit","level":4,"score":0.44538772106170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3196181058883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2072092592716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18727806210517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.1492007076740265}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2015.2441965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2015.2441965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G698009055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61204035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536916258","https://openalex.org/W1566907904","https://openalex.org/W1898882371","https://openalex.org/W1965785636","https://openalex.org/W1966327667","https://openalex.org/W1991259611","https://openalex.org/W2005586899","https://openalex.org/W2011194235","https://openalex.org/W2053596333","https://openalex.org/W2101106627","https://openalex.org/W2114014957","https://openalex.org/W2117831059","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2125293414","https://openalex.org/W2126173456","https://openalex.org/W2138363053","https://openalex.org/W2167284852","https://openalex.org/W2168425640","https://openalex.org/W2176814745","https://openalex.org/W2177418646","https://openalex.org/W2180973527","https://openalex.org/W2335266030","https://openalex.org/W3102697607","https://openalex.org/W3142120744","https://openalex.org/W4233217877","https://openalex.org/W6675437842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W984417604","https://openalex.org/W2104055211","https://openalex.org/W2498262093","https://openalex.org/W2188779191","https://openalex.org/W2060737834","https://openalex.org/W2967785526","https://openalex.org/W188830667","https://openalex.org/W1605914315","https://openalex.org/W4360861688","https://openalex.org/W3134930219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"delta-sigma":[1],"(\u0394\u03a3)":[2],"phase":[3,94],"locked":[4],"loop":[5,36,52,71,115],"(PLL)":[6],"transmitter":[7,75,99],"with":[8,145],"an":[9],"efficient":[10],"modulation":[11],"bandwidth":[12],"calibration":[13,110,131,140],"technique":[14],"is":[15,33,40,54,100,133],"proposed":[16,22,74,98],"in":[17,42,79],"this":[18],"paper.":[19],"With":[20],"the":[21,24,43,48,51,58,62,70,91,97,108,125,139,146,150],"technique,":[23],"digital-analog":[25],"mismatch":[26],"between":[27,64],"digital":[28],"pre-emphasis":[29],"filter":[30,37],"and":[31,46,66,114,120],"PLL":[32,126],"calibrated.":[34],"The":[35,73],"RC":[38,113],"variation":[39,49],"tracked":[41],"first":[44],"place,":[45],"then":[47],"of":[50,61,69,96,138],"gain":[53,116],"calibrated":[55],"by":[56],"sensing":[57],"magnitude":[59],"differences":[60],"modulator":[63],"DC":[65],"ten":[67],"times":[68],"bandwidth.":[72],"has":[76],"been":[77],"implemented":[78],"0.18-":[80],"\u03bcm":[81],"CMOS":[82],"technology":[83],"for":[84,112],"GSM/GPRS":[85],"application.":[86],"Measurement":[87],"results":[88],"show":[89],"that":[90],"maximum":[92],"RMS":[93],"error":[95],"0.8":[101],"<sup":[102],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[103],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00b0</sup>":[104],".":[105],"In":[106],"addition,":[107],"measured":[109],"accuracies":[111],"variations":[117],"are":[118],"0.5%":[119],"0.8%,":[121],"respectively.":[122],"By":[123],"reusing":[124],"locking":[127],"time,":[128],"18-":[129],"\u03bcs":[130],"time":[132],"achieved.":[134],"Moreover,":[135],"most":[136],"parts":[137],"circuitries":[141],"can":[142],"be":[143],"shared":[144],"receiver":[147],"chain,":[148],"reducing":[149],"circuit":[151],"complexity":[152],"overhead.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
