{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983296537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2364100","title":"Design of Low-Noise <formula formulatype=\"inline\"><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$K$</tex></formula>-Band SiGe Bipolar VCOs: Theory and Implementation","display_name":"Design of Low-Noise <formula formulatype=\"inline\"><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$K$</tex></formula>-Band SiGe Bipolar VCOs: Theory and Implementation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983296537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2364100","mag":"1983296537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2364100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2364100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060304250","display_name":"Fabio Padovan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-1002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Padovan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","Department of Information Engineering; University of Padova; Padova; Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering; University of Padova; Padova; Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003598944","display_name":"Marc Tiebout","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Tiebout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, Austria","Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, AUSTRIA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, AUSTRIA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091814735","display_name":"Koen Mertens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["AT","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen L. R. Mertens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, Austria","Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, AUSTRIA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach, AUSTRIA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035099638","display_name":"Andrea Bevilacqua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-9197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Bevilacqua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","Department of Information Engineering; University of Padova; Padova; Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering; University of Padova; Padova; Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084402240","display_name":"A. Neviani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7839-9192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Neviani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","Department of Information Engineering; University of Padova; Padova; Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering; University of Padova; Padova; Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060304250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87190526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"2","first_page":"607","last_page":"615"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.8851096034049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varicap","display_name":"Varicap","score":0.7726777791976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.763521671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.6260422468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6111061573028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5632399916648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistor","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","score":0.49622470140457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.43051743507385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42572319507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.41690096259117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3953842520713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2543293833732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.22602498531341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21768102049827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.13374567031860352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.8851096034049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15485314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467463","display_name":"Varicap","level":4,"score":0.7726777791976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.763521671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6260422468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6111061573028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5632399916648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23061349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188946","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","level":4,"score":0.49622470140457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43051743507385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42572319507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41690096259117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3953842520713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2543293833732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.22602498531341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21768102049827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.13374567031860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2364100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2364100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3130925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3130925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513497107","https://openalex.org/W1971113649","https://openalex.org/W1990957493","https://openalex.org/W2019346001","https://openalex.org/W2024111851","https://openalex.org/W2031990567","https://openalex.org/W2041734713","https://openalex.org/W2050645980","https://openalex.org/W2067999683","https://openalex.org/W2068587476","https://openalex.org/W2074326036","https://openalex.org/W2098009586","https://openalex.org/W2108941005","https://openalex.org/W2110144707","https://openalex.org/W2112006904","https://openalex.org/W2114731048","https://openalex.org/W2120280627","https://openalex.org/W2121680459","https://openalex.org/W2122144921","https://openalex.org/W2122426120","https://openalex.org/W2127933175","https://openalex.org/W2133366717","https://openalex.org/W2135143797","https://openalex.org/W2147555064","https://openalex.org/W2158623901","https://openalex.org/W2162203394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044492883","https://openalex.org/W3128798639","https://openalex.org/W2091330172","https://openalex.org/W2901384437","https://openalex.org/W2073755810","https://openalex.org/W2526751531","https://openalex.org/W2092826485","https://openalex.org/W1971968195","https://openalex.org/W2149606054","https://openalex.org/W2010054939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"study":[1],"of":[2,25,65,73,88,123,130],"K-band":[3,21],"SiGe":[4],"bipolar":[5,28],"VCOs":[6,46,82,100,118],"is":[7,57],"reported":[8],"in":[9,19,85],"this":[10],"paper.":[11],"The":[12,99,117],"design":[13],"challenges":[14],"related":[15],"to":[16,35,59,69,94],"the":[17,20,23,53,55,60,71,77,81,89,115],"operation":[18],"and":[22,50,126],"use":[24,72],"a":[26,66,102,120],"pure":[27],"technology":[29],"are":[30,83],"discussed":[31],"with":[32],"particular":[33],"emphasis":[34],"achieving":[36],"low":[37,106],"phase":[38,103],"noise":[39,104],"while":[40],"using":[41],"varactor":[42,56],"diodes.":[43],"Two":[44],"different":[45],"have":[47],"been":[48],"designed":[49],"fabricated.":[51],"In":[52],"designs,":[54],"coupled":[58],"active":[61],"element":[62],"by":[63],"means":[64],"magnetic":[67],"transformer":[68],"avoid":[70],"tuning":[74],"voltages":[75],"exceeding":[76],"supply":[78],"voltage.":[79],"All":[80],"operated":[84],"class-C.":[86],"One":[87],"designs":[90],"features":[91],"dynamic":[92],"biasing":[93],"ensure":[95],"robust":[96],"start-up":[97],"conditions.":[98],"feature":[101],"as":[105,107],"-137":[108],"dBc/Hz":[109],"at":[110],"10":[111],"MHz":[112],"offset":[113],"from":[114],"carrier.":[116],"show":[119],"state-of-the-art":[121],"FOM":[122],"-189":[124],"dBc/Hz,":[125],"an":[127],"excellent":[128],"FOMT":[129],"-193":[131],"dB/Hz.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}