{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069795715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2327337","title":"Reference-Scheme Study and Novel Reference Scheme for Deep Submicrometer STT-RAM","display_name":"Reference-Scheme Study and Novel Reference Scheme for Deep Submicrometer STT-RAM","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069795715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2327337","mag":"2069795715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2327337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2327337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089907396","display_name":"Taehui Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taehui Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729885","display_name":"Ji Su Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jisu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064984422","display_name":"Jung Pill Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19268510","display_name":"Qualcomm (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d3djg48","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111675","display_name":"Market Matters","ror":"https://ror.org/021yan307","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["GB","KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung Pill Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","Qualcomm Inc.  San Diego CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Inc.  San Diego CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061707","display_name":"Seung H. Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-9918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111675","display_name":"Market Matters","ror":"https://ror.org/021yan307","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19268510","display_name":"Qualcomm (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d3djg48","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung H. Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","Qualcomm Inc.  San Diego CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Inc.  San Diego CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037010076","display_name":"Seong\u2010Ook Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-2581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Ook Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089907396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91687857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"12","first_page":"3376","last_page":"3385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.7172589302062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.670759916305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6369873285293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"Voltage reference","score":0.620805025100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.5993435978889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-model","display_name":"Reference model","score":0.5663942694664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47366341948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.40764009952545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3786504864692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.33076202869415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17628160119056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16702920198440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14533117413520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13178449869155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.07717043161392212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7172589302062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.670759916305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6369873285293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.620805025100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5993435978889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150189527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356674","display_name":"Reference model","level":2,"score":0.5663942694664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47366341948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.40764009952545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3786504864692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.33076202869415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17628160119056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16702920198440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14533117413520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13178449869155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.07717043161392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2327337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2327337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967035245","https://openalex.org/W1970481022","https://openalex.org/W1979979239","https://openalex.org/W1984842310","https://openalex.org/W1996356878","https://openalex.org/W1997147166","https://openalex.org/W1998416174","https://openalex.org/W2000818868","https://openalex.org/W2001108445","https://openalex.org/W2003346399","https://openalex.org/W2008904077","https://openalex.org/W2017569700","https://openalex.org/W2034593071","https://openalex.org/W2035257891","https://openalex.org/W2043393912","https://openalex.org/W2054420235","https://openalex.org/W2056511998","https://openalex.org/W2057386187","https://openalex.org/W2074628056","https://openalex.org/W2096445739","https://openalex.org/W2104500100","https://openalex.org/W2110276925","https://openalex.org/W2117889325","https://openalex.org/W2120699192","https://openalex.org/W2122287325","https://openalex.org/W2130436742","https://openalex.org/W2139052244","https://openalex.org/W2140392630","https://openalex.org/W2141626281","https://openalex.org/W2142571770","https://openalex.org/W2144136224","https://openalex.org/W2156728623","https://openalex.org/W2159904000","https://openalex.org/W2162020806","https://openalex.org/W2543205889","https://openalex.org/W2788575652","https://openalex.org/W6651287217","https://openalex.org/W6664179414","https://openalex.org/W6664507615","https://openalex.org/W6683132901","https://openalex.org/W6684149499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125011624","https://openalex.org/W1508631387","https://openalex.org/W2370917603","https://openalex.org/W2017776670","https://openalex.org/W2952760143","https://openalex.org/W2347897961","https://openalex.org/W4386582991","https://openalex.org/W4206983354","https://openalex.org/W3002570515","https://openalex.org/W1767371792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"technology":[1],"scales":[2],"down,":[3],"the":[4,17,37,42,59,72,78,125,128,145],"sensing":[5,26,38,43],"margin":[6],"of":[7,16,80,83],"spin-transfer-torque":[8],"random":[9],"access":[10],"memory":[11],"is":[12,29,53,132],"significantly":[13],"degraded":[14],"because":[15,58],"increased":[18],"process":[19],"variation":[20],"and":[21,64,86,113,138],"decreased":[22],"supply":[23],"voltage.":[24],"The":[25],"current,":[27],"which":[28],"limited":[30],"to":[31,55,71],"prevent":[32],"read":[33,60,107],"disturbance,":[34,108],"further":[35],"degrades":[36],"margin.":[39],"To":[40],"improve":[41],"margin,":[44],"various":[45],"reference":[46,73,84,93,120,130,140],"schemes":[47,85],"have":[48],"been":[49],"proposed.":[50],"However,":[51],"it":[52],"essential":[54],"be":[56],"selective":[57],"stability,":[61],"write":[62],"ability,":[63],"array":[65],"efficiency":[66],"are":[67],"very":[68],"different":[69],"according":[70],"schemes.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"presents":[77],"study":[79],"a":[81,139],"variety":[82],"outlines":[87],"five":[88],"requirements":[89,126],"for":[90,127],"an":[91],"optimized":[92,129],"scheme":[94,121,131],"as":[95],"follows:":[96],"1)":[97],"no":[98,102,106,110],"parasitic":[99,147],"mismatch,":[100],"2)":[101],"regularity":[103],"problem,":[104],"3)":[105],"4)":[109],"write-current":[111],"degradation,":[112],"5)":[114],"small":[115],"area":[116],"overhead.":[117],"A":[118],"novel":[119],"that":[122],"satisfies":[123],"all":[124],"proposed":[133],"using":[134],"four":[135],"1T1MTJ":[136],"cells":[137],"word":[141],"line":[142],"structure":[143],"with":[144],"same":[146],"scheme.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
