{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969342920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2304657","title":"Energy-Efficient Soft-Input Soft-Output Signal Detector for Iterative MIMO Receivers","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Soft-Input Soft-Output Signal Detector for Iterative MIMO Receivers","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969342920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2304657","mag":"1969342920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2304657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2304657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322345","display_name":"Liang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-8821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Department of Electrical & Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100322345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78782795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"8","first_page":"2422","last_page":"2432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7138060331344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6256232857704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.609930157661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6099262833595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5979002714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.484594464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4707140326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4665016531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3802875578403473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32642555236816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2695493698120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21072015166282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1813909113407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1516686975955963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13860610127449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08569702506065369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7138060331344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6256232857704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.609930157661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6099262833595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5979002714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.484594464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4707140326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4665016531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3802875578403473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32642555236816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2695493698120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21072015166282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1813909113407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1516686975955963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13860610127449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08569702506065369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2304657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2304657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7140e9f1-96c4-461b-bc14-83412ec0d67b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4712969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1549-8328","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506285408","https://openalex.org/W1592861247","https://openalex.org/W1601166656","https://openalex.org/W1977314813","https://openalex.org/W2000313152","https://openalex.org/W2000871594","https://openalex.org/W2001319425","https://openalex.org/W2022148313","https://openalex.org/W2033922516","https://openalex.org/W2045407304","https://openalex.org/W2066049804","https://openalex.org/W2069523219","https://openalex.org/W2100183117","https://openalex.org/W2101394529","https://openalex.org/W2104015054","https://openalex.org/W2105767051","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2118627808","https://openalex.org/W2121837475","https://openalex.org/W2128491944","https://openalex.org/W2134391476","https://openalex.org/W2141949717","https://openalex.org/W2148978817","https://openalex.org/W2149713248","https://openalex.org/W2154310679","https://openalex.org/W2155910374","https://openalex.org/W2168479493","https://openalex.org/W3103339143","https://openalex.org/W6630204531","https://openalex.org/W6635386824","https://openalex.org/W6658450019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283025278","https://openalex.org/W2082432309","https://openalex.org/W817174743","https://openalex.org/W2050492524","https://openalex.org/W2998315020","https://openalex.org/W2104790384","https://openalex.org/W1976665945","https://openalex.org/W3016208414","https://openalex.org/W3136989197","https://openalex.org/W1985727224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,41,90,98,108,116,126,156,166],"VLSI":[4,84],"design":[5],"of":[6,46,122],"an":[7,51,63],"energy-efficient,":[8],"high-throughput":[9],"soft-input":[10],"soft-output":[11],"signal":[12],"detector":[13,21,128,157,167],"for":[14],"iterative":[15,127],"multiple-input":[16],"multiple-output":[17],"(MIMO)":[18],"receiver.":[19],"The":[20,138],"is":[22,86,102,111,141],"evolved":[23],"from":[24],"our":[25],"previously":[26],"developed":[27,87],"imbalanced":[28],"fixed":[29],"complexity":[30],"sphere":[31],"decoder":[32],"and":[33,62,134,172,181],"adopts":[34],"several":[35],"new":[36],"algorithm-level":[37],"techniques":[38],"to":[39,71,88,104],"exploit":[40],"available":[42],"a":[43,56,120,130,159],"priori":[44],"information":[45],"transmitted":[47],"bits.":[48],"More":[49],"specifically,":[50],"adaptive":[52],"tree-travel":[53],"control":[54],"scheme,":[55],"reliability-dependent":[57],"log-likelihood":[58],"ratio":[59],"correction":[60],"method":[61],"iteration-based":[64],"hybrid":[65],"node":[66],"enumeration":[67],"technique":[68],"are":[69],"proposed":[70,91],"provide":[72],"near-optimal":[73],"detection":[74,95,177],"performance":[75],"with":[76,93,152],"much":[77],"reduced":[78],"computational":[79],"complexity.":[80],"A":[81],"multi-stage":[82],"parallel":[83],"architecture":[85],"implement":[89],"algorithm":[92],"high":[94],"throughput.":[96,162],"Furthermore,":[97],"block-level":[99],"clock":[100,150],"gating":[101],"deployed":[103],"save":[105],"power":[106],"when":[107],"tree-search":[109],"space":[110],"reduced,":[112],"while":[113],"still":[114],"preserving":[115],"constant-throughput":[117],"feature.":[118],"As":[119],"proof":[121],"concept,":[123],"we":[124],"designed":[125],"using":[129],"65-nm":[131],"CMOS":[132],"technology":[133],"conducted":[135],"post-layout":[136],"simulation.":[137],"core":[139,168],"area":[140],"0.64":[142],"mm2with":[143],"198.2":[144],"k":[145],"gates.":[146],"Working":[147],"at":[148],"240-MHz":[149],"frequency":[151],"1.0-V":[153],"voltage":[154],"supply,":[155],"achieves":[158],"maximum":[160],"1.44-Gbps":[161],"Under":[163],"frequency-selective":[164],"channels,":[165],"consumes":[169],"98.5-,":[170],"127.9-,":[171],"149.5-pJ":[173],"energy":[174],"per":[175],"bit":[176],"in":[178],"open-loop,":[179],"2-iteration,":[180],"4-iteration":[182],"modes,":[183],"respectively.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}