{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967834974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215735","title":"Unsupervised Single-Channel Separation of Nonstationary Signals Using Gammatone Filterbank and Itakura\u2013Saito Nonnegative Matrix Two-Dimensional Factorizations","display_name":"Unsupervised Single-Channel Separation of Nonstationary Signals Using Gammatone Filterbank and Itakura\u2013Saito Nonnegative Matrix Two-Dimensional Factorizations","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967834974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215735","mag":"1967834974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101870054","display_name":"Bin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-1013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Newcastle Univ., Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Newcastle Univ., Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084431277","display_name":"Wai Lok Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-7605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. L. Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Newcastle Univ., Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Newcastle Univ., Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112012109","display_name":"S.S. Dlay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. S. Dlay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Newcastle Univ., Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Newcastle Univ., Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101870054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4591,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96190536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"662","last_page":"675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.7789566516876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.7705056071281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-separation","display_name":"Source separation","score":0.6002970337867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5981508493423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-bank","display_name":"Filter bank","score":0.569298505783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.48045700788497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signal-separation","display_name":"Blind signal separation","score":0.47907310724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4700450003147125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45945459604263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4544513523578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.44584572315216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.42476987838745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3904724419116974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3658449053764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2948649525642395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.7789566516876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.7705056071281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776864781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52617913","display_name":"Source separation","level":2,"score":0.6002970337867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5981508493423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100515483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268235","display_name":"Filter bank","level":3,"score":0.569298505783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48045700788497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.47907310724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4700450003147125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45945459604263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4544513523578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.44584572315216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.42476987838745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3904724419116974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3658449053764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2948649525642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:39231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/39231/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160800111","https://openalex.org/W189345193","https://openalex.org/W193385438","https://openalex.org/W1508756421","https://openalex.org/W1547060653","https://openalex.org/W1576420969","https://openalex.org/W1580974668","https://openalex.org/W1605417594","https://openalex.org/W1607142029","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1987619167","https://openalex.org/W1987906574","https://openalex.org/W2039844283","https://openalex.org/W2050685271","https://openalex.org/W2055070149","https://openalex.org/W2059119686","https://openalex.org/W2076608692","https://openalex.org/W2086322880","https://openalex.org/W2104298926","https://openalex.org/W2105617050","https://openalex.org/W2111070087","https://openalex.org/W2116871167","https://openalex.org/W2131167870","https://openalex.org/W2141608587","https://openalex.org/W2149425615","https://openalex.org/W2150415460","https://openalex.org/W2153297815","https://openalex.org/W2161327982","https://openalex.org/W2162883778","https://openalex.org/W2168793898","https://openalex.org/W2169886347","https://openalex.org/W2170336644","https://openalex.org/W2535111174","https://openalex.org/W3043585151","https://openalex.org/W3109348062","https://openalex.org/W4210890610","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632787991","https://openalex.org/W6634590497","https://openalex.org/W6636203886","https://openalex.org/W6675800479","https://openalex.org/W6682579517","https://openalex.org/W6684458083","https://openalex.org/W6930559537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2551137307","https://openalex.org/W2113526703","https://openalex.org/W2123043102","https://openalex.org/W2351387116","https://openalex.org/W2577807713","https://openalex.org/W3094316140","https://openalex.org/W2361100278","https://openalex.org/W1658347130","https://openalex.org/W2098101267","https://openalex.org/W1605774499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,95],"unsupervised":[2],"single-channel":[3],"source":[4,115,168],"separation":[5,19,47,169],"method":[6,11,143],"is":[7,21,69,144],"presented.":[8],"The":[9],"proposed":[10,142],"does":[12],"not":[13],"require":[14],"training":[15],"knowledge":[16],"and":[17,28,125,161],"the":[18,37,56,64,81,99,107,113,122,126,141,148],"system":[20],"based":[22,54,120],"on":[23,36,55,121],"nonuniform":[24,75],"time-frequency":[25],"(TF)":[26],"analysis":[27,82],"feature":[29],"extraction.":[30],"Unlike":[31],"conventional":[32],"researches":[33],"that":[34,63,97,140,152],"concentrate":[35],"use":[38],"of":[39,83,109,159],"spectrogram":[40],"or":[41],"its":[42],"variants,":[43],"we":[44,61,92],"develop":[45],"our":[46],"algorithms":[48,96],"using":[49],"an":[50],"alternative":[51],"TF":[52,76],"representation":[53],"gammatone":[57],"filterbank.":[58],"In":[59,90],"particular,":[60],"show":[62,139],"monaural":[65],"mixed":[66],"audio":[67],"signal":[68,84],"considerably":[70],"more":[71],"separable":[72],"in":[73,146,167],"this":[74,88],"domain.":[77],"We":[78],"also":[79],"provide":[80],"separability":[85],"to":[86,106,164],"verify":[87],"finding.":[89],"addition,":[91],"derive":[93],"two":[94],"extend":[98],"recently":[100],"published":[101],"Itakura-Saito":[102],"nonnegative":[103],"matrix":[104],"factorization":[105],"case":[108],"convolutive":[110],"model":[111],"for":[112],"nonstationary":[114],"signals.":[116],"These":[117],"formulations":[118],"are":[119,153],"Quasi-EM":[123],"framework":[124],"multiplicative":[127],"gradient":[128],"descent":[129],"(MGD)":[130],"rule,":[131],"respectively.":[132],"Experimental":[133],"tests":[134],"have":[135],"been":[136],"conducted":[137],"which":[138],"efficient":[145],"extracting":[147],"sources'":[149],"spectral-temporal":[150],"features":[151],"characterized":[154],"by":[155],"large":[156],"dynamic":[157],"range":[158],"energy,":[160],"thus":[162],"leading":[163],"significant":[165],"improvement":[166],"performance.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
