{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125791406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215398","title":"A Digitally Modulated Class-E Polar Amplifier in 90 nm CMOS","display_name":"A Digitally Modulated Class-E Polar Amplifier in 90 nm CMOS","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125791406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215398","mag":"2125791406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024031876","display_name":"Vincenzo Chironi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096856","display_name":"Innovation Engineering (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sxjp357","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Chironi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dellInnovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Leece, Italy","Dipt. di Ing. dell'Innovazione, Univ. del Salento, Leece, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dellInnovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Leece, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Ing. dell'Innovazione, Univ. del Salento, Leece, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109040865","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Debaillie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn Debaillie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter-university Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium","Interuniv. Microelectron. Center IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-university Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interuniv. Microelectron. Center IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040110283","display_name":"S. D\u2019Amico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2886-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096856","display_name":"Innovation Engineering (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sxjp357","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano D'Amico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dellInnovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Leece, Italy","Dipt. di Ing. dell'Innovazione, Univ. del Salento, Leece, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dellInnovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Leece, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Ing. dell'Innovazione, Univ. del Salento, Leece, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038780136","display_name":"A. Bas\u00e7hirotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Baschirotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042750271","display_name":"Jan Craninckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-0203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Craninckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter-university Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium","Interuniv. Microelectron. Center IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-university Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interuniv. Microelectron. Center IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051293381","display_name":"Mark Ingels","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Ingels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter-university Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium","Interuniv. Microelectron. Center IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-university Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interuniv. Microelectron. Center IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024031876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587","https://openalex.org/I4210096856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87693144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"4","first_page":"918","last_page":"925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7778347730636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6230602264404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6066174507141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5417483448982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","score":0.48668962717056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.46469801664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.46352750062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42071977257728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4180847406387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4139927625656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37131962180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3503721356391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.33857136964797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23424121737480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.21592208743095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.14267680048942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1313285231590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11641666293144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09131267666816711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7778347730636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6230602264404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6066174507141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5417483448982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.48668962717056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46469801664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.46352750062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42071977257728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4180847406387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4139927625656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37131962180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3503721356391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.33857136964797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23424121737480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.21592208743095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.14267680048942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1313285231590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11641666293144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09131267666816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2215398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/37730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10281/37730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486033646","https://openalex.org/W1579844698","https://openalex.org/W1970580595","https://openalex.org/W2004512974","https://openalex.org/W2063436222","https://openalex.org/W2084424389","https://openalex.org/W2097734273","https://openalex.org/W2108930055","https://openalex.org/W2110021849","https://openalex.org/W2110302314","https://openalex.org/W2120991295","https://openalex.org/W2133537268","https://openalex.org/W2164527282","https://openalex.org/W2169272078","https://openalex.org/W2172002229","https://openalex.org/W3047960803","https://openalex.org/W4298334616","https://openalex.org/W6676393880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045401036","https://openalex.org/W1990864066","https://openalex.org/W2068642629","https://openalex.org/W4363647395","https://openalex.org/W2046525430","https://openalex.org/W2004723848","https://openalex.org/W2093894424","https://openalex.org/W2971711574","https://openalex.org/W1969950000","https://openalex.org/W2052419928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"a":[3,8,25,85,93,100,110],"digital":[4,73],"amplitude":[5,75],"modulator":[6,32,54],"for":[7,35,59,109],"polar":[9],"transmitter":[10],"is":[11,17,33,77,107],"presented.":[12],"The":[13,31,53,104],"instantaneous":[14],"output":[15,87],"power":[16,41,88],"modulated":[18,120],"by":[19],"adjusting":[20],"the":[21],"amplifiers":[22],"load":[23],"through":[24],"digitally":[26],"controlled":[27],"impedance":[28,74],"transformation":[29],"network.":[30],"suited":[34],"modulation":[36,66,76],"schemes":[37],"with":[38,72,92,122],"moderate":[39],"peak-to-average":[40],"ratio":[42],"(PAPR),":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"<formula":[46,113],"formulatype=\"inline\"":[47,114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[48,115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex":[49,116],"Notation=\"TeX\">$\\pi/4$</tex>":[50,117],"</formula>":[51,118],"DQPSK.":[52],"may":[55],"also":[56],"be":[57],"used":[58],"fine":[60],"gain":[61],"control":[62],"in":[63,79],"constant":[64],"envelope":[65],"schemes.":[67],"A":[68],"class":[69],"E":[70],"amplifier":[71],"integrated":[78],"90":[80],"nm":[81],"CMOS.":[82],"It":[83],"achieves":[84],"peak":[86],"of":[89,95],"9":[90],"dBm":[91,112],"PAE":[94],"30%":[96],"when":[97],"powered":[98],"from":[99],"1.2":[101],"V":[102],"supply.":[103],"measured":[105],"EVM":[106],"2.6%":[108],"6":[111],"DQPSK":[119],"signal":[121,125],"2":[123],"Mb/s":[124],"rate":[126],"at":[127],"2.4":[128],"GHz":[129],"RF":[130],"frequency.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}