{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073892559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2206434","title":"Low-Voltage Low-Power 1.6 GHz Quadrature Signal Generation Through Stacking a Transformer-Based VCO and a Divide-by-Two","display_name":"Low-Voltage Low-Power 1.6 GHz Quadrature Signal Generation Through Stacking a Transformer-Based VCO and a Divide-by-Two","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073892559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2206434","mag":"2073892559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2012.2206434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2206434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072698544","display_name":"Shen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-0883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","QUALCOMM, Incorporated, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QUALCOMM, Incorporated, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039692985","display_name":"Vipul Chawla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Chawla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","QUALCOMM, Incorporated, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QUALCOMM, Incorporated, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064341265","display_name":"Dong Sam Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-1773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Sam Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077269467","display_name":"Beomsup Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beomsup Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["QUALCOMM, Incorporated, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QUALCOMM, Incorporated, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69484499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"12","first_page":"2901","last_page":"2910"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11444","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.7659704685211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.7617455720901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6018250584602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.464412659406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4475748836994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.42364081740379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4117191731929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3586978614330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3228805661201477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7659704685211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.7617455720901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6018250584602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.464412659406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4475748836994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.42364081740379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4117191731929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3586978614330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3228805661201477}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2012.2206434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2012.2206434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308258","display_name":"Qualcomm","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1907766519","https://openalex.org/W2008964143","https://openalex.org/W2028081350","https://openalex.org/W2096906714","https://openalex.org/W2109720036","https://openalex.org/W2120672045","https://openalex.org/W2121383370","https://openalex.org/W2124412518","https://openalex.org/W2130565266","https://openalex.org/W2137030928","https://openalex.org/W2143417292","https://openalex.org/W2144538799","https://openalex.org/W2147500652","https://openalex.org/W2148761981","https://openalex.org/W2161403618","https://openalex.org/W2162208125","https://openalex.org/W2163805657","https://openalex.org/W2735871050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W2017334866","https://openalex.org/W2105518569","https://openalex.org/W2112742062","https://openalex.org/W2589125258","https://openalex.org/W2911266525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,8,52,64],"differential":[4],"VCO":[5,20,25],"stacked":[6],"with":[7],"divide-by-two":[9],"to":[10,27],"generate":[11],"quadrature":[12,43],"signals":[13],"for":[14],"low-power":[15],"wireless":[16],"applications.":[17],"The":[18,37,67,94,104,122],"transformer-based":[19],"core":[21],"adopts":[22],"the":[23,29,34,41,57,72,76,80,88],"Armstrong":[24],"configuration":[26],"mitigate":[28],"small":[30],"voltage":[31,114],"headroom":[32],"and":[33,75,92,115],"noise":[35,59,125],"coupling.":[36],"operating":[38],"conditions":[39],"of":[40,79,120],"proposed":[42,95],"local":[44],"oscillator":[45],"(LO)":[46],"circuitry":[47],"are":[48],"derived":[49],"based":[50],"upon":[51],"linearized":[53],"small-signal":[54],"model.":[55],"Also":[56],"phase":[58,124],"performance":[60],"is":[61,126],"analyzed":[62],"using":[63],"frequency-domain":[65],"approach.":[66],"analytical":[68],"results":[69],"indicate":[70],"that":[71],"mutual":[73],"inductance":[74],"quality":[77],"factor":[78],"primary":[81],"coil":[82],"play":[83],"an":[84],"important":[85],"role":[86],"in":[87,99],"trade-off":[89],"between":[90],"power":[91],"noise.":[93],"LO":[96,105],"was":[97],"fabricated":[98],"65":[100],"nm":[101],"CMOS":[102],"technology.":[103],"operates":[106],"at":[107,129],"1.6":[108],"GHz":[109],"under":[110],"1":[111],"V":[112],"supply":[113],"consumes":[116],"only":[117],"2.6":[118],"mW":[119],"power.":[121],"measured":[123],"-140.3":[127],"dBc/Hz":[128],"10":[130],"MHz":[131],"offset":[132],"frequency.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}