{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032262780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2165418","title":"A 4-GHz Active Scatterer in 130-nm CMOS for Phase Sweep Amplify-and-Forward","display_name":"A 4-GHz Active Scatterer in 130-nm CMOS for Phase Sweep Amplify-and-Forward","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032262780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2165418","mag":"2032262780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2011.2165418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2165418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077233181","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Bousquet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Bousquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048327293","display_name":"Sebastian Magierowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-0769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Magierowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014191898","display_name":"Geoffrey G. Messier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9825-3238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey G. Messier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71514637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":"529","last_page":"540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7205917835235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6169518232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6036664843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5701635479927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5194389820098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5161164999008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.49589118361473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeater","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","score":0.4907263517379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4822574257850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4406740069389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42402228713035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38395029306411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3361465334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2955971658229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2938934564590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2817978262901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1585196852684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.15426599979400635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7205917835235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6169518232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6036664843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5701635479927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5194389820098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5161164999008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.49589118361473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195545963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469803","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","level":3,"score":0.4907263517379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4822574257850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4406740069389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42402228713035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38395029306411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3361465334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2955971658229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2938934564590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2817978262901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1585196852684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.15426599979400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2011.2165418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2165418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310709","display_name":"CMC Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/03k70ea39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W654634886","https://openalex.org/W1501868659","https://openalex.org/W1883250845","https://openalex.org/W1988473011","https://openalex.org/W1991766833","https://openalex.org/W1999273462","https://openalex.org/W2011315301","https://openalex.org/W2022146728","https://openalex.org/W2026898705","https://openalex.org/W2042098819","https://openalex.org/W2046361219","https://openalex.org/W2072559624","https://openalex.org/W2072775456","https://openalex.org/W2079826846","https://openalex.org/W2080979848","https://openalex.org/W2112929108","https://openalex.org/W2114371957","https://openalex.org/W2115989617","https://openalex.org/W2117865319","https://openalex.org/W2119401493","https://openalex.org/W2124412518","https://openalex.org/W2127801799","https://openalex.org/W2128680171","https://openalex.org/W2138200902","https://openalex.org/W2138469849","https://openalex.org/W2146689747","https://openalex.org/W2150062977","https://openalex.org/W2151940289","https://openalex.org/W2157384652","https://openalex.org/W2165462377","https://openalex.org/W2170692191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2790025453","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W2030191005","https://openalex.org/W2027568561","https://openalex.org/W1521521035","https://openalex.org/W2776248796","https://openalex.org/W1865172210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,50],"article":[1],"demonstrates":[2],"the":[3,47,52,55,59,75,80,83,94],"cooperative":[4,32],"diversity":[5],"improvement":[6],"achieved":[7],"using":[8,74,93],"a":[9,24,98],"120-":[10],"active":[11],"scatterer":[12],"built":[13],"in":[14,58,101],"130-nm":[15],"CMOS":[16],"technology.":[17],"The":[18,34],"low-power":[19],"all-analog":[20],"device":[21,35],"acts":[22],"as":[23],"repeater,":[25],"or":[26],"relay,":[27],"for":[28],"phase":[29,43,84],"sweep":[30],"amplify-and-forward":[31],"transmission.":[33],"relies":[36],"on":[37,86],"microwave":[38],"reflection":[39],"to":[40],"amplify,":[41],"dynamically":[42],"modulate,":[44],"and":[45,63,88],"reradiate":[46],"incident":[48],"signal.":[49],"reduces":[51],"duration":[53],"of":[54,82],"fades":[56],"experienced":[57],"indoor":[60],"radio":[61],"channel":[62,70],"improves":[64],"error":[65],"correction":[66],"code":[67],"performance.":[68],"Radio":[69],"propagation":[71,95],"measurements":[72],"collected":[73],"relay":[76],"prototype":[77],"clearly":[78],"show":[79,97],"effect":[81],"modulation":[85],"fading":[87],"system":[89],"level":[90],"simulations":[91],"conducted":[92],"data":[96],"fivefold":[99],"increase":[100],"coverage":[102],"area.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}