{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077539642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2163981","title":"Spurious-Free Time-to-Digital Conversion in an ADPLL Using Short Dithering Sequences","display_name":"Spurious-Free Time-to-Digital Conversion in an ADPLL Using Short Dithering Sequences","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077539642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2163981","mag":"2077539642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2011.2163981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2163981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108364605","display_name":"Khurram Waheed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Waheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Austin, TX, USA",", Freescale Semiconductor, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Freescale Semiconductor, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017637","display_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectronics Department, Technische Universiteit Delft, Delft, Netherlands","Microelectron. Dept., Tech. Univ. Delft, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics Department, Technische Universiteit Delft, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectron. Dept., Tech. Univ. Delft, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046153517","display_name":"F. Dulger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fikret Dulger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoran, Plano, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoran, Plano, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051520984","display_name":"Mahbuba Sheba Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0923-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahbuba S. Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas, Austin, USA","University of Texas, Austin, TX. USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, TX. USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023179808","display_name":"Socrates D. Vamvakos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21160419","display_name":"Ansys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf5b117","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21160419"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Socrates D. Vamvakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["MoSys, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MoSys, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21160419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108364605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88166757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"2051","last_page":"2060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.8912097215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6607134342193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.6358694434165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5736198425292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5107550621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5104595422744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizing","display_name":"Synchronizing","score":0.4694364070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4627217650413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-detector","display_name":"Phase detector","score":0.43194007873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitally-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","score":0.41245365142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4111288785934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.40001535415649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3915104269981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30397510528564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21503472328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.214433491230011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18256592750549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17448213696479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.15256854891777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-frequency-oscillator","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","score":0.12178939580917358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.8912097215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6607134342193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.6358694434165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5736198425292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5107550621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5104595422744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.4694364070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4627217650413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110086884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase detector","level":3,"score":0.43194007873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167872736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276224","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","level":5,"score":0.41245365142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4111288785934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.40001535415649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3915104269981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30397510528564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21503472328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.214433491230011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18256592750549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17448213696479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.15256854891777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120164764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705396","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","level":4,"score":0.12178939580917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2011.2163981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2163981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123132062","https://openalex.org/W1544882865","https://openalex.org/W1974534995","https://openalex.org/W1981928238","https://openalex.org/W2062779032","https://openalex.org/W2084208879","https://openalex.org/W2099728741","https://openalex.org/W2101962030","https://openalex.org/W2103429594","https://openalex.org/W2108273739","https://openalex.org/W2108435403","https://openalex.org/W2110675623","https://openalex.org/W2125358031","https://openalex.org/W2130227819","https://openalex.org/W2136114191","https://openalex.org/W2137159478","https://openalex.org/W2152144298","https://openalex.org/W2164254273","https://openalex.org/W2177833654","https://openalex.org/W2532945253","https://openalex.org/W2544392659","https://openalex.org/W6675463404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W150743853","https://openalex.org/W2908219865","https://openalex.org/W2295601265","https://openalex.org/W2148370333","https://openalex.org/W2936029881","https://openalex.org/W2096085680","https://openalex.org/W1978946573","https://openalex.org/W1153251241","https://openalex.org/W4381745543","https://openalex.org/W1576501709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"an":[2,11,52],"enhancement":[3],"to":[4,72,113],"the":[5,19,30,56,90,94,109,115,130],"digital":[6,31],"phase":[7,32,43,123],"detection":[8],"mechanism":[9],"in":[10,80,121,135],"all-digital":[12],"phase-locked":[13],"loop":[14],"(ADPLL)":[15],"by":[16],"randomization":[17],"of":[18,51,55,70,102,129],"frequency":[20,92],"reference":[21,110],"using":[22],"carefully":[23],"chosen":[24],"dither":[25,107],"sequences.":[26],"This":[27,75,98,119],"dithering":[28],"renders":[29],"detector,":[33],"realized":[34],"as":[35,48],"a":[36,49,67,84,103,136],"time-to-digital":[37],"converter":[38],"(TDC),":[39],"free":[40],"from":[41],"any":[42],"domain":[44],"spurious":[45,81],"tones":[46],"generated":[47],"consequence":[50],"ill-conditioned":[53],"sampling":[54,96],"feedback":[57],"variable":[58],"oscillator":[59,91],"phase.":[60],"In":[61],"modern":[62],"nanoscale":[63],"technologies,":[64],"TDC":[65,95],"has":[66],"time":[68],"quantization":[69,116],"5":[71],"30":[73],"ps.":[74],"deadband":[76],"can":[77],"potentially":[78],"result":[79],"tones,":[82],"whenever":[83],"near":[85],"integer-N":[86],"relationship":[87],"arises":[88],"between":[89],"and":[93,126],"process.":[97],"work":[99],"proposes":[100],"injection":[101],"spectrum-friendly":[104],"short":[105],"sequence":[106],"into":[108],"clock":[111],"signal":[112],"overcome":[114],"introduced":[117],"limit-cycles.":[118],"results":[120],"robust":[122],"tracking":[124],"performance":[125],"spurious-free":[127],"operation":[128],"ADPLL,":[131],"which":[132],"was":[133],"verified":[134],"65-nm":[137],"CMOS":[138],"GSM/EDGE":[139],"transmitter.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}