{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166138511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2150910","title":"A Two-Stage Fully Differential Inverter-Based Self-Biased CMOS Amplifier With High Efficiency","display_name":"A Two-Stage Fully Differential Inverter-Based Self-Biased CMOS Amplifier With High Efficiency","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166138511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2150910","mag":"2166138511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2011.2150910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2150910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100907569","display_name":"Michael Figueiredo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001538783","display_name":"Rui Santos\u2010Tavares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-4851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Santos-Tavares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020359364","display_name":"E. Santin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-8632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edinei Santin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104033471","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ferreira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048542432","display_name":"G. Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-6925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiomar Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica and the Centro de F\u00edsica da Mat\u00e9ria Condensada, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica and the Centro de F\u00edsica da Mat\u00e9ria Condensada, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035700004","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Go\u00eas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-8391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Goes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100907569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97242019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"7","first_page":"1591","last_page":"1603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11272","display_name":"Nanowire Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-amplifier","display_name":"Differential amplifier","score":0.5906844139099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5846949815750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5580901503562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.5580530166625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5483614802360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-coupled-amplifier","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","score":0.47982001304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43614286184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4215134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.36915427446365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3588141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.3242682218551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30566537380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20911821722984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1342475414276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11599582433700562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11722477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056298","display_name":"Differential amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5906844139099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5846949815750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5580901503562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.5580530166625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5483614802360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172218469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4477697","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","level":5,"score":0.47982001304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43614286184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4215134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36915427446365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3588141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.3242682218551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30566537380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20911821722984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1342475414276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11599582433700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2011.2150910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2150910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529808231","https://openalex.org/W1530621902","https://openalex.org/W1560692812","https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1568895036","https://openalex.org/W1972150182","https://openalex.org/W2021570329","https://openalex.org/W2050407686","https://openalex.org/W2060655139","https://openalex.org/W2071761885","https://openalex.org/W2100189014","https://openalex.org/W2103005119","https://openalex.org/W2107615969","https://openalex.org/W2111035691","https://openalex.org/W2111748847","https://openalex.org/W2115598471","https://openalex.org/W2123367907","https://openalex.org/W2125776391","https://openalex.org/W2127122781","https://openalex.org/W2128208992","https://openalex.org/W2129393153","https://openalex.org/W2131917361","https://openalex.org/W2134404631","https://openalex.org/W2152333361","https://openalex.org/W2155050949","https://openalex.org/W2156872242","https://openalex.org/W2157031634","https://openalex.org/W2160740770","https://openalex.org/W2162599988","https://openalex.org/W2166307883","https://openalex.org/W2169238252","https://openalex.org/W2170741160","https://openalex.org/W2536337820","https://openalex.org/W3148118115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2505524053","https://openalex.org/W64433238","https://openalex.org/W2379608080","https://openalex.org/W3106125200","https://openalex.org/W2165132866","https://openalex.org/W2921550143","https://openalex.org/W1550906089","https://openalex.org/W3201422860","https://openalex.org/W2954565801","https://openalex.org/W2004741588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"two-stage":[1],"fully":[2],"differential":[3],"CMOS":[4,109],"amplifier":[5,19],"comprising":[6],"inverters":[7],"as":[8,61],"input":[9],"structures":[10],"and":[11,43,68,82],"employing":[12],"self-biasing":[13],"techniques":[14],"is":[15,52],"presented.":[16,89],"The":[17],"proposed":[18],"benefits":[20],"from":[21],"an":[22,97],"optimum":[23],"compensation":[24],"through":[25],"time-domain":[26],"optimization":[27,87],"which":[28],"permits":[29],"achieving":[30],"high":[31],"energy":[32],"efficiency.":[33],"Moreover,":[34],"it":[35,45,51],"achieves":[36],"the":[37,91],"highest":[38],"efficiency":[39],"of":[40],"its":[41],"class":[42],"although":[44],"relies":[46],"on":[47,75],"a":[48,78,83,103],"quasi-class-A":[49],"topology,":[50],"comparable":[53],"to":[54],"class-AB":[55],"amplifiers.":[56],"Detailed":[57],"circuit":[58,99],"analyses":[59],"such":[60],"differential-mode,":[62],"common-mode":[63],"feedback,":[64],"noise,":[65],"slew":[66],"rate,":[67],"input/output":[69],"range":[70],"are":[71,88,111],"carried":[72],"out.":[73],"Based":[74],"these":[76],"analyses,":[77],"manual":[79],"design":[80],"methodology":[81],"genetic":[84],"algorithm":[85],"based":[86],"Finally,":[90],"most":[92],"relevant":[93],"experimental":[94],"results":[95],"for":[96],"integrated":[98],"prototype":[100],"designed":[101],"in":[102],"0.13":[104],"\u03bcm":[105],"1.2":[106],"V":[107],"standard":[108],"technology":[110],"shown.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}