{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104998892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2090569","title":"Design of a Low-Power Coprocessor for Mid-Size Vocabulary Speech Recognition Systems","display_name":"Design of a Low-Power Coprocessor for Mid-Size Vocabulary Speech Recognition Systems","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104998892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2090569","mag":"2104998892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2010.2090569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2090569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432795","display_name":"Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115145","display_name":"University of Minnesota, Duluth","ror":"https://ror.org/01hy4qx27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109898844","display_name":"Hua Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115145","display_name":"University of Minnesota, Duluth","ror":"https://ror.org/01hy4qx27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85161698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5","first_page":"961","last_page":"970"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coprocessor","display_name":"Coprocessor","score":0.9349397420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7803086042404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.574151337146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.4530470371246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4476901888847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.4401484727859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.4189845323562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.4001387357711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39912232756614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3735756278038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3675340712070465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86111242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859595","display_name":"Coprocessor","level":2,"score":0.9349397420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7803086042404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.574151337146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.4530470371246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4476901888847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4401484727859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.4189845323562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.4001387357711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39912232756614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3735756278038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3675340712070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2010.2090569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2090569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578856370","https://openalex.org/W1595525891","https://openalex.org/W1879708712","https://openalex.org/W1957938779","https://openalex.org/W1980716861","https://openalex.org/W1995365180","https://openalex.org/W1996413013","https://openalex.org/W2054496292","https://openalex.org/W2101328377","https://openalex.org/W2109249643","https://openalex.org/W2122207536","https://openalex.org/W2124398106","https://openalex.org/W2125988174","https://openalex.org/W2133703868","https://openalex.org/W2134167326","https://openalex.org/W2140721786","https://openalex.org/W2154595457","https://openalex.org/W2155035955","https://openalex.org/W2157024459","https://openalex.org/W2161040887","https://openalex.org/W2165356296","https://openalex.org/W2309578058","https://openalex.org/W2739649174","https://openalex.org/W3103339143","https://openalex.org/W3140835062","https://openalex.org/W4234266642","https://openalex.org/W6635587130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357768919","https://openalex.org/W1923713568","https://openalex.org/W2380496177","https://openalex.org/W2360384790","https://openalex.org/W642007152","https://openalex.org/W2401827384","https://openalex.org/W2355290951","https://openalex.org/W2052688117","https://openalex.org/W2552102772","https://openalex.org/W2103239478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0],"recognition":[1,34,109,153,175,184,196,211],"systems":[2],"have":[3],"gained":[4],"popularity":[5],"in":[6,27,87,99],"consumer":[7],"electronics.":[8],"This":[9],"paper":[10],"presents":[11],"a":[12,44,130],"custom-designed":[13],"coprocessor":[14,81,142,169,202],"for":[15,76,206],"output":[16],"probability":[17],"calculation":[18],"(OPC),":[19],"which":[20],"is":[21,48,74,116,155,162,203],"the":[22,55,62,77,96,119,123,148,152,160,168,178,194,200],"most":[23],"computation-intensive":[24],"processing":[25,67],"step":[26],"continuous":[28],"hidden":[29],"Markov":[30],"model":[31],"(CHMM)-based":[32],"speech":[33,66,108,126,174,195],"algorithms.":[35],"To":[36,104],"save":[37],"hardware":[38,72],"resource":[39],"and":[40,71,85,92,141,151,165,190],"reduce":[41],"power":[42],"consumption,":[43,70],"polynomial":[45],"addition-based":[46],"method":[47],"used":[49,117],"to":[50,121,146],"compute":[51],"add-log":[52],"instead":[53],"of":[54,125,159,167],"traditional":[56],"look-up":[57],"table-based":[58],"method.":[59],"In":[60],"addition,":[61],"optimal":[63],"tradeoff":[64],"between":[65],"delay,":[68],"energy":[69,180],"resources":[73],"explored":[75],"coprocessor.":[78],"The":[79,172],"proposed":[80,201],"has":[82],"been":[83],"implemented":[84],"tested":[86],"Xilinx":[88],"Spartan-3A":[89],"DSP":[90],"XC3SD3400A,":[91],"also":[93],"validated":[94],"using":[95],"standard-cell-based":[97],"approach":[98],"IBM":[100],"0.13":[101],"\u03bcm":[102],"technology.":[103],"implement":[105],"an":[106,114],"entire":[107],"system,":[110],"SAMSUNG":[111],"S3C44b0X":[112,136],"(containing":[113],"ARM7)":[115],"as":[118],"micro-controller":[120,161],"execute":[122],"rest":[124],"processing.":[127],"Tested":[128],"with":[129],"358-state":[131],"3-mixture":[132],"27-feature":[133],"800-word":[134],"HMM,":[135],"operates":[137],"at":[138,143],"40":[139],"MHz":[140,145],"10":[144,163],"meet":[147],"real-time":[149],"requirement,":[150],"accuracy":[154],"95.2%.":[156],"Power":[157],"consumption":[158,181],"mW,":[164],"that":[166,193],"15.2":[170],"mW.":[171],"overall":[173],"system":[176,197],"achieves":[177],"lowest":[179],"per":[182],"word":[183],"among":[185],"many":[186],"reported":[187],"designs.":[188],"Experiment":[189],"analysis":[191],"show":[192],"based":[198],"on":[199],"especially":[204],"suitable":[205],"mid-size":[207],"vocabulary":[208],"(100-1000":[209],"words)":[210],"tasks.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
