{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112066997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2072390","title":"The Design and Analysis of Dual-Delay-Path Ring Oscillators","display_name":"The Design and Analysis of Dual-Delay-Path Ring Oscillators","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112066997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2072390","mag":"2112066997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2010.2072390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2072390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072981734","display_name":"Zuow-Zun Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zuow-Zun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Dept. of Electr. Eng.. Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng.. Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060720784","display_name":"Tai\u2010Cheng Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9639-5937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tai-Cheng Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Dept. of Electr. Eng.. Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng.. Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072981734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95489095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"470","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.6819876432418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-line-oscillator","display_name":"Delay line oscillator","score":0.6608182191848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5831862092018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5620805025100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillation","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","score":0.5381518006324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-mode-signal","display_name":"Common-mode signal","score":0.5185397267341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5057296752929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.49860405921936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4896429181098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4843641221523285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4836767613887787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-delay-and-phase-delay","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","score":0.46636804938316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4386154115200043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.42827939987182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3841095566749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3631035089492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35823115706443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33653610944747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.26769691705703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.24175241589546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1962471604347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17747443914413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17674720287322998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6819876432418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26907483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253479","display_name":"Delay line oscillator","level":4,"score":0.6608182191848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5831862092018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5620805025100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.5381518006324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189714311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530371","display_name":"Common-mode signal","level":4,"score":0.5185397267341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5057296752929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.49860405921936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4896429181098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4843641221523285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4836767613887787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123792056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","level":3,"score":0.46636804938316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4386154115200043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.42827939987182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3841095566749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3631035089492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35823115706443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33653610944747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.26769691705703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.24175241589546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1962471604347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17747443914413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17674720287322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2010.2072390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2072390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487408319","https://openalex.org/W1994625839","https://openalex.org/W2015740233","https://openalex.org/W2027347130","https://openalex.org/W2038555165","https://openalex.org/W2103745509","https://openalex.org/W2103954969","https://openalex.org/W2107886524","https://openalex.org/W2109091204","https://openalex.org/W2115002043","https://openalex.org/W2122467996","https://openalex.org/W2138652368","https://openalex.org/W2146003641","https://openalex.org/W2169411838","https://openalex.org/W6675811858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109091204","https://openalex.org/W4230767006","https://openalex.org/W2188709823","https://openalex.org/W3134273935","https://openalex.org/W1521697648","https://openalex.org/W2046480668","https://openalex.org/W4248731029","https://openalex.org/W2076857967","https://openalex.org/W1522119723","https://openalex.org/W2367598702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,30],"dual-operation-mode":[1],"ring":[2,36,69],"oscillator":[3,37,70],"that":[4,80],"employs":[5],"dual-delay":[6],"paths":[7],"is":[8,63,71],"presented.":[9,64],"The":[10,65],"two":[11],"operation":[12,46],"modes,":[13,21],"referred":[14],"to":[15,50,87,93],"as":[16],"the":[17,34,39,42,81],"differential":[18,66],"and":[19,27,38,54,90,98],"common":[20],"have":[22],"different":[23],"output":[24],"waveform":[25],"characteristics":[26],"oscillation":[28],"frequencies.":[29],"nonlinear":[31],"model":[32],"for":[33,60,96],"dual-delay-path":[35,68],"analysis":[40],"of":[41,44],"stability":[43],"each":[45],"mode":[47],"are":[48,84],"proposed":[49],"confirm":[51],"both":[52],"simulation":[53],"measurement":[55],"results.":[56],"Furthermore,":[57],"a":[58,74],"method":[59],"operation-mode":[61],"selection":[62],"four-stage":[67],"fabricated":[72],"in":[73],"0.18-\u03bcm":[75],"CMOS":[76],"technology.":[77],"Measurements":[78],"show":[79],"tuning":[82],"ranges":[83],"from":[85,91],"1.77":[86],"1.92":[88],"GHz":[89,95],"1.01":[92],"1.055":[94],"differential-":[97],"common-mode":[99],"operations,":[100],"respectively.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}