{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085536684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2046249","title":"Small-Area and Low-Energy $K$-Best MIMO Detector Using Relaxed Tree Expansion and Early Forwarding","display_name":"Small-Area and Low-Energy $K$-Best MIMO Detector Using Relaxed Tree Expansion and Early Forwarding","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085536684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2046249","mag":"2085536684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2010.2046249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2046249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359405","display_name":"Tae-Hwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9025-1350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Hwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Daejeon, South Korea]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Daejeon, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087977408","display_name":"In\u2010Cheol Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In-Cheol Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Daejeon, South Korea]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Daejeon, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90405407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"10","first_page":"2753","last_page":"2761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7502990961074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6569371223449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6401761770248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6387807130813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.634429395198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5771176815032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.5485100746154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4920007884502411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4521312415599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4343799948692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42685067653656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4173424541950226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41624200344085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4078849256038666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33361220359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33024144172668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24251645803451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.20199993252754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19271451234817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16272616386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15086841583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14351218938827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14096826314926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13575416803359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09268644452095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07331743836402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.07096037268638611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7502990961074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6569371223449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6401761770248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6387807130813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.634429395198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5771176815032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.5485100746154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4920007884502411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4521312415599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4343799948692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42685067653656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4173424541950226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41624200344085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4078849256038666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33361220359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33024144172668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24251645803451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.20199993252754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19271451234817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16272616386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15086841583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14351218938827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14096826314926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13575416803359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09268644452095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07331743836402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.07096037268638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2010.2046249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2010.2046249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946663460","https://openalex.org/W2017306952","https://openalex.org/W2074072441","https://openalex.org/W2111613656","https://openalex.org/W2111626380","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2116498579","https://openalex.org/W2117747693","https://openalex.org/W2118425896","https://openalex.org/W2124333656","https://openalex.org/W2124400234","https://openalex.org/W2129766733","https://openalex.org/W2139485977","https://openalex.org/W2144691146","https://openalex.org/W2147695687","https://openalex.org/W2156787051","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2163249674","https://openalex.org/W2164360791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2739612537","https://openalex.org/W2349174696","https://openalex.org/W2360241746","https://openalex.org/W4313041667","https://openalex.org/W2767599893","https://openalex.org/W2381572297","https://openalex.org/W3037187668","https://openalex.org/W3114770763","https://openalex.org/W2159099865","https://openalex.org/W2998256594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,29,103,132,147],"new":[4],"K-best":[5],"detection":[6,109],"method":[7],"that":[8],"is":[9,111,159],"efficient":[10,54],"in":[11,21,46,123,155],"area":[12,86],"and":[13,24,41,66,76,87,145],"energy":[14,153],"consumption.":[15],"To":[16],"reduce":[17,61,84],"the":[18,47,62,67,73,77,115,136,156],"complexity":[19],"required":[20],"tree":[22],"expansion":[23,75],"sorting,":[25],"some":[26],"children":[27],"of":[28,69,149],"candidate":[30],"are":[31,36,43,121],"not":[32,44],"expanded":[33],"if":[34],"they":[35,42],"estimated":[37],"as":[38,90,92],"inferior":[39],"ones,":[40],"considered":[45],"sorting.":[48],"In":[49,131],"addition,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"an":[53,124],"pipeline":[55,70],"scheduling":[56],"called":[57],"early":[58,78],"forwarding":[59,79],"to":[60,83,113,127],"overall":[63],"processing":[64],"latency":[65],"number":[68],"registers.":[71],"Employing":[72],"relaxed":[74],"makes":[80],"it":[81],"possible":[82],"chip":[85],"power":[88],"consumption":[89],"well":[91],"latency.":[93],"Targeting":[94],"4":[95,97],"\u00d7":[96],"16":[98],"quadrature":[99],"amplitude":[100],"modulation":[101],"systems,":[102],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[104],"detector":[105,138,158],"integrating":[106],"four":[107,119],"if-best":[108],"units":[110,120],"implemented":[112],"validate":[114],"proposed":[116,157],"method.":[117],"The":[118,152],"operating":[122],"interleaved":[125],"manner":[126],"achieve":[128],"high":[129],"throughput.":[130],"0.18-\u03bcm":[133],"CMOS":[134],"technology,":[135],"entire":[137],"occupies":[139],"1.9":[140],"mm":[141],"<sup":[142],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[144],"shows":[146],"throughput":[148],"584":[150],"Mbits/s.":[151],"consumed":[154],"443":[160],"pJ":[161],"per":[162],"bit":[163],"at":[164],"1.8":[165],"V.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}