{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143185115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2027801","title":"IMD of Closed-Loop Filterless Class D Amplifiers","display_name":"IMD of Closed-Loop Filterless Class D Amplifiers","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143185115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2027801","mag":"2143185115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2009.2027801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2027801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101786512","display_name":"Wei Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7619-4610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023352317","display_name":"Joseph S. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0991-8339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.S. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101786512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84147867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"2","first_page":"518","last_page":"527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermodulation","display_name":"Intermodulation","score":0.8810614347457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6316846013069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.6053324937820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5056643486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5026378631591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.5026211738586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5005159378051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.41723740100860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4026125371456146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3322681188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25255143642425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.24572589993476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18484076857566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0748375952243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.06931272149085999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11773624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142232","display_name":"Intermodulation","level":4,"score":0.8810614347457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6316846013069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.6053324937820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5056643486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5026378631591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.5026211738586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5005159378051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41723740100860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4026125371456146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3322681188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25255143642425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.24572589993476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18484076857566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0748375952243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.06931272149085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2009.2027801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2027801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140525707","https://openalex.org/W1529176794","https://openalex.org/W1573812046","https://openalex.org/W2044596837","https://openalex.org/W2095687975","https://openalex.org/W2098331002","https://openalex.org/W2140612368","https://openalex.org/W2140730776","https://openalex.org/W2144362736","https://openalex.org/W2146422534","https://openalex.org/W2147933183","https://openalex.org/W2150235032","https://openalex.org/W2162380271","https://openalex.org/W2171365970","https://openalex.org/W2567963704","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631661127","https://openalex.org/W6634190398","https://openalex.org/W6686591818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147869365","https://openalex.org/W1977117755","https://openalex.org/W4224285256","https://openalex.org/W2533026854","https://openalex.org/W4226407597","https://openalex.org/W1675094194","https://openalex.org/W1599289444","https://openalex.org/W45093073","https://openalex.org/W2544509054","https://openalex.org/W1977430766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Audio":[0],"amplifiers,":[1],"including":[2,16],"the":[3,25,35,50,60,64,71,86,91,104,112,115,131,136,140,168],"contemporary":[4],"class":[5],"D":[6],"amplifiers":[7],"(CDAs),":[8],"are":[9,97,109,146,161],"typically":[10],"qualified":[11],"by":[12],"their":[13],"several":[14],"nonlinearities,":[15],"total":[17],"harmonic":[18],"distortion":[19,22],"and":[20,34,53,57,89,111,145,166,177],"intermodulation":[21],"(IMD).":[23],"In":[24],"case":[26],"of":[27,47,63,70,78,106,114,121,170],"filterless":[28,55,117,133],"CDAs,":[29,96],"IMD":[30,48,87,92,113,144,159],"remains":[31],"largely":[32,39],"unexplored,":[33],"mechanism":[36],"thereof":[37],"is":[38,66,73,126],"unknown.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"presents":[43],"an":[44],"analytical":[45,83],"modeling":[46],"for":[49,85,94],"prevalent":[51],"first-":[52],"second-order":[54,132],"CDAs":[56,108,179],"shows":[58],"that":[59,103,142],"dominant":[61],"mechanisms":[62],"former":[65],"phase":[67],"error":[68],"while":[69],"latter":[72],"duty-cycle":[74],"error.":[75],"By":[76],"means":[77],"multidimensional":[79],"Fourier":[80],"series":[81],"analysis,":[82],"expressions":[84,101,138,160],"components":[88],"thereafter,":[90],"expression":[93],"these":[95,107],"derived.":[98],"The":[99,157],"derived":[100,137,158],"depict":[102],"IMDs":[105],"significant,":[110],"first-order":[116],"CDA,":[118],"in":[119],"spite":[120],"its":[122],"lower":[123],"noise-suppression":[124],"attribute,":[125],"somewhat":[127],"unexpectedly":[128],"superior":[129],"to":[130,148,150,154],"CDA.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"delineate":[139],"parameters":[141,153],"affect":[143],"insightful":[147],"designers":[149],"optimize/vary":[151],"pertinent":[152],"reduce":[155],"IMD.":[156],"verified":[162],"against":[163],"HSPICE":[164],"simulations":[165],"on":[167,172],"basis":[169],"measurements":[171],"a":[173],"prototype":[174],"CDA":[175],"IC":[176],"other":[178],"realized":[180],"discretely.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}