{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107327405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2024985","title":"Observer-Controller Digital PLL","display_name":"Observer-Controller Digital PLL","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107327405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2024985","mag":"2107327405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2009.2024985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2024985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020170250","display_name":"Won Namgoong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Won Namgoong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","Electr. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020170250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8368035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"631","last_page":"641"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.7747265100479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.752423882484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dpll-algorithm","display_name":"DPLL algorithm","score":0.7363532185554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitally-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","score":0.6026251316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.587788999080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4889911413192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45190683007240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.4363269507884979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.42482906579971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-control","display_name":"Digital control","score":0.41320937871932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3725373148918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32881855964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-frequency-oscillator","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","score":0.1377241015434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08944711089134216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.7747265100479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.752423882484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143936061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2030088","display_name":"DPLL algorithm","level":4,"score":0.7363532185554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167872736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276224","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","level":5,"score":0.6026251316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.587788999080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4889911413192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45190683007240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.4363269507884979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42482906579971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158411068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720568","display_name":"Digital control","level":2,"score":0.41320937871932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3725373148918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32881855964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120164764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705396","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","level":4,"score":0.1377241015434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08944711089134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2009.2024985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2024985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479678754","https://openalex.org/W1544882865","https://openalex.org/W1552193912","https://openalex.org/W1558242838","https://openalex.org/W1580873078","https://openalex.org/W2016167819","https://openalex.org/W2020141429","https://openalex.org/W2097772361","https://openalex.org/W2099126831","https://openalex.org/W2111079473","https://openalex.org/W2124747493","https://openalex.org/W2150783292","https://openalex.org/W2151100180","https://openalex.org/W2162926155","https://openalex.org/W2164582257","https://openalex.org/W2166268103","https://openalex.org/W2229120320","https://openalex.org/W2294347919","https://openalex.org/W2490904451","https://openalex.org/W2799067801","https://openalex.org/W2983479669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380467267","https://openalex.org/W1980525453","https://openalex.org/W2325206724","https://openalex.org/W2059960378","https://openalex.org/W2043945969","https://openalex.org/W2103754166","https://openalex.org/W2058003010","https://openalex.org/W1994059163","https://openalex.org/W2110868325","https://openalex.org/W2013112440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"digital":[1,121],"phase-locked":[2],"loop":[3,32,43,49,72,127,176],"(DPLL)":[4],"has":[5,52],"been":[6,53],"recently":[7],"developed":[8],"to":[9,68,143,160],"exploit":[10],"the":[11,31,42,70,74,79,96,98,110,116,120,137,144,148,174,178,189],"increasing":[12],"transistor":[13],"speed":[14],"of":[15,34,40,95,153,180],"modern":[16,170],"process":[17],"technology.":[18],"By":[19,172],"employing":[20,173],"a":[21,27,35,47,84,92,165],"digitally":[22],"controlled":[23],"oscillator":[24,161,181],"(DCO)":[25],"and":[26,81,134],"time-to-digital":[28],"converter":[29],"(TDC),":[30],"filter":[33,44,128],"DPLL":[36],"becomes":[37],"all-digital.":[38],"Instead":[39],"designing":[41],"by":[45,76],"digitizing":[46],"continuous-time":[48],"response":[50,132],"as":[51,83,113,115,158],"commonly":[54],"done,":[55],"more":[56],"sophisticated":[57],"control":[58,104],"schemes":[59],"can":[60,183],"be":[61,184],"employed.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66],"propose":[67],"design":[69],"feedback":[71,122],"in":[73,87,119,168],"time-domain":[75],"first":[77],"modeling":[78,152],"DCO":[80],"TDC":[82],"noisy":[85],"\u00bfplant\u00bf":[86],"state-space":[88],"form.":[89],"Based":[90],"on":[91],"Kalman":[93],"observer":[94],"\u00bfplant,\u00bf":[97],"proposed":[99,125,149],"approach":[100,150],"then":[101],"generates":[102],"optimal":[103],"signals":[105],"that":[106],"accurately":[107],"account":[108],"for":[109],"additive":[111],"noise":[112,140,155,192],"well":[114],"transport":[117],"delay":[118],"system.":[123],"The":[124],"observer-controller":[126,175],"achieves":[129],"rapid":[130],"transient":[131],"time":[133],"significantly":[135],"reduces":[136],"steady-state":[138],"phase":[139,191],"jitter":[141],"compared":[142],"conventional":[145],"DPLL.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"enables":[151],"other":[154],"sources":[156],"such":[157],"due":[159],"pulling,":[162],"which":[163],"is":[164],"common":[166],"problem":[167],"many":[169],"transceivers.":[171],"filter,":[177],"effect":[179],"pulling":[182],"effectively":[185],"removed":[186],"without":[187],"degrading":[188],"overall":[190],"performance.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}