{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108488487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2018938","title":"Efficiency-Improved High-Voltage Analog Power Amplifier for Driving Piezoelectric Actuators","display_name":"Efficiency-Improved High-Voltage Analog Power Amplifier for Driving Piezoelectric Actuators","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108488487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2018938","mag":"2108488487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2009.2018938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2018938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065440315","display_name":"Carsten Wallenhauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Wallenhauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071330332","display_name":"B Gottlieb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Gottlieb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084273568","display_name":"Roland Zeichfusl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Zeichfusl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","Siemens AG, Munchen, Bayern, DE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Munchen, Bayern, DE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070758763","display_name":"Andreas Kappel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-3567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kappel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065440315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78774517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"291","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-amplifier","display_name":"Linear amplifier","score":0.7307402491569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7191839218139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-coupled-amplifier","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","score":0.7096213698387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-power-amplifier","display_name":"RF power amplifier","score":0.6728598475456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6595974564552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-supply-rejection-ratio","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","score":0.5877591371536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-added-efficiency","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","score":0.5541008114814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-source","display_name":"Common source","score":0.5264109969139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.501859188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.461087167263031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-bandwidth","display_name":"Power bandwidth","score":0.4324832558631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-transconductance-amplifier","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","score":0.41907066106796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fet-amplifier","display_name":"FET amplifier","score":0.414492130279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41036462783813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3704121708869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.26140180230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.12890461087226868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71041172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553412","display_name":"Linear amplifier","level":5,"score":0.7307402491569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7191839218139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172218469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4477697","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","level":5,"score":0.7096213698387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196054291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7276624","display_name":"RF power amplifier","level":4,"score":0.6728598475456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6595974564552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15892472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482413","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","level":4,"score":0.5877591371536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129231560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236462","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","level":5,"score":0.5541008114814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46917211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3098845","display_name":"Common source","level":5,"score":0.5264109969139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.501859188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.461087167263031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191907038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236476","display_name":"Power bandwidth","level":5,"score":0.4324832558631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58117264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239595","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.41907066106796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199501884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5425387","display_name":"FET amplifier","level":5,"score":0.414492130279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41036462783813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3704121708869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.26140180230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.12890461087226868}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2009.2018938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2018938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-118765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-118765.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer ZV","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/221243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/221243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564201208","https://openalex.org/W1979059557","https://openalex.org/W1992046422","https://openalex.org/W2005982811","https://openalex.org/W2076283460","https://openalex.org/W2095687975","https://openalex.org/W2098268218","https://openalex.org/W2098331002","https://openalex.org/W2099944833","https://openalex.org/W2125776391","https://openalex.org/W2132300145","https://openalex.org/W2140612368","https://openalex.org/W2142673246","https://openalex.org/W2161277239","https://openalex.org/W2171365970","https://openalex.org/W2316786796","https://openalex.org/W2483840238","https://openalex.org/W2551661856","https://openalex.org/W2799150735","https://openalex.org/W3147616483","https://openalex.org/W3212301374","https://openalex.org/W4301213096","https://openalex.org/W6648236820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894309255","https://openalex.org/W2063886900","https://openalex.org/W2056092133","https://openalex.org/W2146254761","https://openalex.org/W2971598220","https://openalex.org/W2026664409","https://openalex.org/W3134578979","https://openalex.org/W2055687456","https://openalex.org/W2165830051","https://openalex.org/W2108488487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"A":[3],"novel":[4],"high-voltage":[5],"analog":[6],"power":[7,45,62,133,150,155,233,271],"amplifier":[8,16,23,57,78,146,178,226,267,277,294],"derived":[9],"from":[10],"a":[11,38,54,97,185,236,252,262,269,290],"well-known":[12],"complementary":[13,74],"class":[14,55,263,292],"B":[15,56,264,293],"is":[17,64,125,204,227],"presented":[18],"in":[19,58,68,71,119,162,199,229,259,295],"this":[20,200],"paper.":[21],"The":[22,50,102,128,174,266,275],"offers":[24,130],"improved":[25],"efficiency":[26],"when":[27,96],"driving":[28],"capacitive":[29],"loads":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"piezoelectric":[33,187],"multilayer":[34],"actuators,":[35],"while":[36],"maintaining":[37],"high":[39,98],"level":[40,242],"of":[41,53,76,93,115,144,153,176,184,222,243,255,272,282,289],"signal":[42,193],"quality,":[43],"peak":[44,270],"and":[46,140,189,195,240],"low":[47,65],"electromagnetic":[48,196],"radiation.":[49,197],"main":[51],"drawback":[52],"comparison":[59,260],"to":[60,109,112,137,164,214],"other":[61],"amplifiers":[63],"efficiency,":[66],"resulting":[67],"extensive":[69],"power-loss":[70,253],"the":[72,77,86,90,94,116,120,123,138,145,149,154,158,166,170,177,182,190,202,216,219,223,225,241,247,250,296],"two":[73],"transistors":[75,95,156],"stage.":[79,147,265],"Power-loss":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82],"reduced":[83],"by":[84,181,246],"minimizing":[85],"voltage":[87,143,167],"drop":[88,168],"across":[89,169],"collector-emitter":[91],"path":[92],"collector":[99],"current":[100],"occurs.":[101],"proposed":[103,276],"circuit":[104,203],"uses":[105],"an":[106,131,230],"additional":[107,132],"capacitor":[108,129],"recover":[110],"up":[111],"one":[113],"half":[114],"charge":[117],"stored":[118],"actuator":[121,124],"whenever":[122],"being":[126],"discharged.":[127],"supply":[134,142,151,160],"rail":[135],"next":[136],"positive":[139],"negative":[141],"Switching":[148],"net":[152],"between":[157],"different":[159],"rails,":[161],"order":[163],"reduce":[165],"transistors,":[171],"minimizes":[172],"power-loss.":[173],"development":[175],"was":[179,257],"triggered":[180],"introduction":[183],"new":[186],"motor":[188],"requirements":[191],"concerning":[192],"quality":[194],"Therefore,":[198],"paper,":[201],"analyzed":[205],"using":[206],"application-specific":[207],"sinusoidal":[208],"control":[209],"signals":[210],"which":[211],"are":[212],"used":[213],"drive":[215],"motor.":[217],"Following":[218],"analytical":[220],"investigation":[221],"circuit,":[224],"tested":[228],"experiment":[231],"measuring":[232],"consumption":[234],"with":[235,261],"pure":[237,291],"reactive":[238],"load,":[239],"distortion":[244,281],"caused":[245],"amplifier.":[248],"In":[249],"experiment,":[251],"reduction":[254],"47%":[256],"achieved":[258],"processed":[268],"160":[273],"W.":[274],"showed":[278],"total":[279],"harmonic":[280],"<formula":[283,302],"formulatype=\"inline\"><tex":[284,303],"Notation=\"TeX\">$THD=0.60\\%$</tex>":[285],"</formula>":[286],"maximum.":[287],"Distortions":[288],"same":[297],"setup":[298],"were":[299],"measured":[300],"at":[301],"Notation=\"TeX\">$THD=0.25\\%$</tex>":[304],"</formula>.":[305],"</para>":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}