{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169574167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3714303","title":"Scalable GNN-Based Power Allocation for Rate-Splitting Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Scalable GNN-Based Power Allocation for Rate-Splitting Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169574167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3714303"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3714303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3714303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.01714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057125647","display_name":"Ruomeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-4941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruomeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6435-2265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000470166","display_name":"Yin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-5982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050637803","display_name":"Aimin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-8414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aimin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-8414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075066053","display_name":"Xiaowu Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-4799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowu Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-4799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107167219","display_name":"Jun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2766-0177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021456909","display_name":"Dazhi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dazhi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-0088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399604","display_name":"Lifeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-3777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-3777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447806","display_name":"Wenjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8799-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8799-1182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73667706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"11863","last_page":"11878"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.5741000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.5741000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.09229999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.3109000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6711000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50661577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901831","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3714303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3714303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.01714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01714","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.01714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.01714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01714","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.01714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5559485554695129,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1716122735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62422111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6519004677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25DP1500200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169574167.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169574167.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"massive":[1],"multiple-input":[2],"multiple-output":[3],"(CF-mMIMO)":[4],"systems":[5,17],"provide":[6],"enhanced":[7],"coverage":[8],"and":[9,37,63,143,180,191,214],"capacity":[10],"for":[11,70,140,147],"next-generation":[12],"wireless":[13],"networks.":[14],"However,":[15],"CF-mMIMO":[16,74],"face":[18],"significant":[19],"challenges":[20],"in":[21,72,92],"downlink":[22],"power":[23,135],"allocation":[24],"(PA)":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,116,212,220],"imperfect":[28],"channel":[29],"state":[30],"information":[31],"(CSI),":[32],"severe":[33],"multi-user":[34],"interference":[35,54],"(MUI),":[36],"high":[38],"computational":[39],"complexity.":[40],"To":[41,87],"address":[42],"these":[43],"issues,":[44],"rate-splitting":[45,73],"multiple":[46],"access":[47],"(RSMA)":[48],"is":[49,131],"adopted":[50],"as":[51,164],"a":[52,97,106,113,153,165],"robust":[53,200],"management":[55],"strategy.":[56],"Accordingly,":[57],"this":[58,124],"paper":[59],"proposes":[60],"an":[61],"unsupervised":[62,182],"scalable":[64,197],"graph":[65],"neural":[66,184],"network":[67],"(GNN)":[68],"framework":[69,176],"PA":[71],"(RS-CF-mMIMO)":[75],"systems,":[76],"relying":[77],"exclusively":[78],"on":[79],"large-scale":[80],"fading":[81],"(LSF)":[82],"coefficients":[83],"without":[84,121],"instantaneous":[85],"CSI.":[86],"resolve":[88],"the":[89,126,173,196,204],"dimensionality":[90],"mismatch":[91],"dynamic":[93],"networks,":[94],"we":[95],"introduce":[96],"slice-based":[98],"adaptive":[99],"layer":[100],"that":[101,172],"projects":[102],"variable-dimension":[103],"features":[104],"into":[105],"fixed":[107],"latent":[108],"space.":[109],"This":[110],"mechanism":[111],"enables":[112],"unified":[114],"model":[115],"generalize":[117],"across":[118,187],"diverse":[119,188],"topologies":[120],"retraining.":[122],"Within":[123],"architecture,":[125],"sum":[127],"spectral":[128],"efficiency":[129],"(SE)":[130],"maximized":[132],"under":[133],"per-AP":[134],"constraints,":[136],"assuming":[137],"maximum-ratio":[138],"precoding":[139,146],"common":[141],"streams":[142],"regularized":[144],"zero-forcing":[145],"private":[148],"streams.":[149],"We":[150],"also":[151],"derive":[152],"weighted":[154],"minimum":[155],"mean-square":[156],"error-alternating":[157],"direction":[158],"method":[159],"of":[160,223],"multipliers":[161],"(WMMSE-ADMM)":[162],"algorithm":[163],"performance":[166,201],"upper":[167],"bound.":[168],"Extensive":[169],"simulations":[170],"verify":[171],"proposed":[174],"GNN":[175],"achieves":[177],"near-optimal":[178],"SE":[179],"outperforms":[181],"deep":[183],"networks":[185],"(DNNs)":[186],"system":[189],"sizes":[190],"pilot":[192],"assignment":[193],"schemes.":[194],"Furthermore,":[195],"variant":[198],"maintains":[199],"while":[202],"reducing":[203],"trainable":[205],"parameter":[206],"count":[207],"by":[208,218],"over":[209],"57%":[210],"relative":[211],"DNNs":[213],"decreasing":[215],"inference":[216],"latency":[217],"up":[219],"three":[221],"orders":[222],"magnitude":[224],"compared":[225],"with":[226],"WMMSE-ADMM.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2026-07-18T00:00:00"}
