{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163072376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3698899","title":"Sampling Strategies to Maximize Distance-Domain Degrees of Freedom in Near-Field Region","display_name":"Sampling Strategies to Maximize Distance-Domain Degrees of Freedom in Near-Field Region","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163072376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3698899"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3698899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3698899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074977742","display_name":"Son T. Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1347-9164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Son T. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1347-9164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137567770","display_name":"Tho Le-Ngoc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tho Le-Ngoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72091921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"10306","last_page":"10322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13030","display_name":"Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques","score":0.14229999482631683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13030","display_name":"Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques","score":0.14229999482631683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.13030000030994415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.05290000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampled-data-systems","display_name":"Sampled data systems","score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.29100000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4553000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90794131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410146","display_name":"Sampled data systems","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988922011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449244","display_name":"Filtering theory","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3698899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3698899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.45597273111343384}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extremely":[0],"large":[1],"aperture":[2,70,131],"arrays":[3],"(ELAAs)":[4],"introduce":[5],"additional":[6],"distance-domain":[7,54,95,171],"degrees":[8],"of":[9,71,112,115,202,218],"freedom":[10],"(DoF)":[11],"in":[12,56,100],"the":[13,27,52,62,93,101,109,113,116,129,134,148,154,169,175,185,194,199,203,216,219],"electromagnetic":[14],"near":[15],"field,":[16],"enabling":[17],"a":[18,65,79,122,138,159,181],"base":[19],"station":[20],"(BS)":[21],"to":[22,46,50,121,132],"spatially":[23],"multiplex":[24],"users":[25,77],"sharing":[26],"same":[28],"angular":[29],"direction.":[30],"Although":[31],"these":[32],"DoF":[33,55,172],"have":[34],"been":[35],"characterized":[36],"for":[37,184],"continuous-aperture":[38],"(CAP)":[39],"channel":[40,117,227],"models,":[41],"it":[42],"remains":[43],"unclear":[44],"how":[45],"sample":[47,128,153],"such":[48],"models":[49],"realize":[51],"maximum":[53],"practical,":[57],"discrete":[58],"arrays.":[59],"We":[60,178],"model":[61],"BS":[63],"as":[64,78],"two-dimensional":[66],"(2D)":[67],"transmit":[68],"(Tx)":[69],"arbitrary":[72],"shape":[73],"and":[74,84,214,225],"multiple":[75],"collinear":[76,190],"linear":[80],"receive":[81],"(Rx)":[82],"array,":[83],"we":[85,127,152,212],"develop":[86],"joint":[87],"Tx/Rx":[88],"sampling":[89,124,221],"strategies":[90],"that":[91,168,193],"maximize":[92,133],"effective":[94,170],"DoF\u2014the":[96],"usable":[97],"spatial":[98],"resource":[99],"distance":[102,146],"dimension.":[103],"Our":[104],"method":[105],"starts":[106],"by":[107,142],"analyzing":[108],"band-limited":[110],"structure":[111],"kernel":[114,135,176],"correlation":[118],"matrix,":[119],"leading":[120],"two-step":[123],"scheme.":[125],"First,":[126],"Tx":[130,204],"bandwidth,":[136],"yielding":[137],"deterministic":[139],"pattern":[140],"governed":[141],"each":[143],"element\u2019s":[144],"squared":[145],"from":[147],"array":[149],"center.":[150],"Second,":[151],"Rx":[155],"(user)":[156],"locations":[157],"under":[158],"spacing":[160,187],"condition":[161],"derived":[162],"via":[163],"Toeplitz":[164],"matrix":[165],"analysis":[166],"so":[167],"fully":[173],"matches":[174],"bandwidth.":[177],"further":[179],"obtain":[180],"closed-form":[182],"threshold":[183],"optimal":[186],"between":[188],"adjacent":[189],"users,":[191],"showing":[192],"optimum":[195],"depends":[196],"only":[197],"on":[198,207,222],"extreme":[200],"edges":[201],"aperture,":[205],"not":[206],"its":[208],"detailed":[209],"shape.":[210],"Finally,":[211],"analyze":[213],"simulate":[215],"effects":[217],"proposed":[220],"spatial-multiplexing":[223],"gains":[224],"distance-aware":[226],"estimation":[228],"performance.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-02T00:00:00"}