{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161721984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3694839","title":"Two-Stage Beamtraining With Geometry-Aware Codebooks for Precise Positioning in Multi-RIS Systems","display_name":"Two-Stage Beamtraining With Geometry-Aware Codebooks for Precise Positioning in Multi-RIS Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161721984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3694839"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3694839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3694839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136474184","display_name":"Tianzhu Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianzhu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136505177","display_name":"Lu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-8439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-8439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136498665","display_name":"Zhongliang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongliang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-8613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136496128","display_name":"Shijun Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongxing Telecom Equipment, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-5137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongxing Telecom Equipment, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55582492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"9295","last_page":"9310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.05469999834895134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.05469999834895134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.05420000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.05130000039935112,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-filter","display_name":"Matched filter","score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.27889999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3694839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3694839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5026281511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4242045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5287269504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4242045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"Reconfigurable":[1],"Intelligent":[2],"Surface":[3],"(RIS)":[4],"beamtraining":[5,47,99],"designs":[6],"often":[7],"prioritize":[8],"communication":[9,150],"metrics":[10],"while":[11],"neglecting":[12],"geometric":[13],"factors.":[14],"This":[15,94],"leads":[16],"to":[17,64,77,80,119],"inefficient":[18],"initial":[19,102],"access":[20],"and":[21,90,108,149],"poor":[22],"positioning":[23,66,147,159],"accuracy,":[24],"which":[25,115],"in":[26,145],"turn":[27],"hinders":[28],"the":[29,97,130,138],"fine":[30,125],"beam":[31,83],"alignment":[32],"that":[33,137],"relies":[34],"on":[35],"location":[36],"priors.":[37],"To":[38],"resolve":[39],"this":[40,42],"dilemma,":[41],"paper":[43],"proposes":[44],"a":[45,51,56,71],"two-stage":[46,98,162],"framework":[48,140],"enabled":[49],"by":[50,69,85],"novel":[52],"geometry-aware":[53,72],"codebook.":[54],"First,":[55],"multi-RIS":[57,134],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[58],"Lower":[59],"Bound":[60],"(CRLB)":[61],"is":[62,75],"derived":[63],"quantify":[65],"limits.":[67],"Guided":[68],"this,":[70],"transformer-based":[73],"network":[74],"developed":[76],"generate":[78],"codebooks":[79],"optimize":[81],"spatial":[82],"allocation,":[84],"jointly":[86],"minimizing":[87],"region-averaged":[88],"CRLB":[89],"maximizing":[91],"achievable":[92],"rate.":[93],"codebook":[95],"facilitates":[96],"process:":[100],"an":[101],"scan":[103],"yields":[104],"reliable":[105],"Time-of-Arrival":[106],"(ToA)":[107],"Angle-of-Arrival":[109],"(AoA)":[110],"measurements":[111],"for":[112,124],"coarse":[113],"positioning,":[114],"are":[116],"then":[117],"utilized":[118],"compute":[120],"precise":[121],"phase":[122],"shifts":[123],"alignment.":[126],"Extensive":[127],"simulations":[128],"under":[129],"considered":[131],"sub-6":[132],"GHz":[133],"setting":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"proposed":[139],"significantly":[141],"outperforms":[142],"state-of-the-art":[143],"methods":[144],"both":[146],"accuracy":[148,160],"rates,":[151],"with":[152],"over":[153],"80%":[154],"of":[155],"realizations":[156],"achieving":[157],"sub-meter":[158],"after":[161],"refinement.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T06:18:44.609144","created_date":"2026-05-20T00:00:00"}
