{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151375557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681649","title":"Evaluation of Building Layouts on Wireless Area Spectral Efficiency","display_name":"Evaluation of Building Layouts on Wireless Area Spectral Efficiency","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151375557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681649"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133102382","display_name":"Yanming Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4311-2526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133107846","display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801309126","display_name":"UK Power Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqrfj72","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801309126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Ranplan Wireless Network Design Ltd., Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-6841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ranplan Wireless Network Design Ltd., Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801309126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133138349","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801309126","display_name":"UK Power Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqrfj72","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801309126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Ranplan Wireless Network Design Ltd., Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-0690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ranplan Wireless Network Design Ltd., Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801309126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121041478","display_name":"Sui Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jangho Architecture College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jangho Architecture College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063814809","display_name":"Xuefang Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-7445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefang Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-7445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429624","display_name":"Liming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6769-0179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6769-0179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34653403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"7255","last_page":"7270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.19840000569820404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.19840000569820404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.12049999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.0851999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6190999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.31119999289512634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6190999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47718295454978943}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1244817565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023J285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332587","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1809097141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y202352276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325436","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G317207502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62573096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4534503002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC2403116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5515650817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N25ZLH010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7098778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025YFE0122200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325436","display_name":"Department of Education of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05gj07w56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332587","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335661","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complex":[0],"building":[1,36,64,117,186],"structures":[2],"fundamentally":[3],"limit":[4],"indoor":[5,67],"wireless":[6,10,37,68,120],"performance.":[7],"While":[8],"the":[9,29,34,61,80,91,110,128,138,149,160,177,181,207],"industry":[11],"consistently":[12],"pursues":[13],"optimal":[14],"channel":[15,69],"capacity,":[16],"architectural":[17],"constraints":[18],"remain":[19],"significant":[20],"factors,":[21],"largely":[22],"neglected":[23],"by":[24,41,116,141,151],"conventional":[25],"workflows.":[26],"To":[27],"bridge":[28],"gap,":[30],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"expands":[33],"inter-disciplinary":[35],"performance":[38],"(BWP)":[39],"framework":[40],"introducing":[42],"a":[43,56,99],"layout-specific":[44],"evaluation":[45],"of":[46,63,102,132,166,179,210],"area":[47],"spectral":[48],"efficiency":[49],"(ASE).":[50],"We":[51],"propose":[52],"ASE":[53,81,111,182],"gain":[54,82,112,183,195,198],"as":[55,193],"novel":[57],"metric":[58],"to":[59,96,199],"quantify":[60],"impact":[62],"layouts":[65,118],"on":[66],"capacity.":[70],"Furthermore,":[71],"we":[72],"derive":[73],"and":[74,119,196],"validate":[75],"an":[76],"analytical":[77],"model":[78],"for":[79,206],"against":[83],"Monte":[84],"Carlo":[85],"simulations.":[86],"This":[87,174],"approach":[88],"significantly":[89,114],"reduces":[90],"computation":[92],"time":[93],"from":[94],"hours":[95],"minutes":[97],"with":[98],"relative":[100],"error":[101],"less":[103],"than":[104,169],"1%.":[105],"Numerical":[106],"results":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"that":[109,201],"is":[113,163],"influenced":[115],"parameters.":[121],"For":[122,156],"example,":[123],"in":[124,170],"multi-rectangular":[125],"layouts,":[126,159],"reducing":[127],"reception":[129],"threshold":[130],"density":[131],"10":[133],"dBWm<sup":[134],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[135],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22122</sup>":[136],"decreases":[137],"variation":[139,161],"range":[140,150,162],"0.2059":[142],"at":[143,153],"1":[144],"GHz,":[145],"whereas":[146],"it":[147],"increases":[148],"0.1990":[152],"28":[154],"GHz.":[155],"non-rectangular":[157],"polygonal":[158],"one":[164],"order":[165],"magnitude":[167],"larger":[168],"simple":[171],"rectangular":[172],"rooms.":[173],"work":[175],"highlights":[176],"importance":[178],"integrating":[180],"into":[184],"future":[185,208],"design.":[187],"It":[188],"complements":[189],"existing":[190],"metrics":[191],"such":[192],"power":[194],"interference":[197],"ensure":[200],"buildings":[202],"provide":[203],"sufficient":[204],"margin":[205],"deployment":[209],"high-density":[211],"networks.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T06:05:55.347736","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}
