{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151280865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681558","title":"Supervised Contrastive Learning for Uncertainty-Aware Wireless Signal Analysis: A Case Study for Modulation Classification","display_name":"Supervised Contrastive Learning for Uncertainty-Aware Wireless Signal Analysis: A Case Study for Modulation Classification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151280865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681558"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133142588","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2386-3559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099670364","display_name":"Mohammad Farzanullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Farzanullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4119-1285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005951083","display_name":"Akram S. Bin Sediq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akram Bin Sediq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-2853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071889415","display_name":"Ali Afana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-2429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Afana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-2429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133090958","display_name":"Melike Erol-Kantarci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melike Erol-Kantarci","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-8457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133142588"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79207407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"7227","last_page":"7240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.3246000111103058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7093999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982736386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Statistical learning","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983886724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4262","display_name":"Radio signal","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3681558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"(AI),":[2],"and":[3,31,101,114,137,165,202,222],"more":[4],"specifically":[5],"deep":[6],"learning":[7,73,93,127],"techniques,":[8],"have":[9],"demonstrated":[10],"strong":[11],"capabilities":[12],"in":[13,42,52],"processing":[14],"wireless":[15],"signals,":[16],"enabling":[17],"automatic":[18],"modulation":[19],"classification":[20,81,164,203,212],"(AMC).":[21],"However,":[22],"existing":[23],"AI-based":[24],"AMC":[25,67],"methods":[26],"often":[27],"produce":[28,119],"unreliable":[29],"predictions":[30,59],"lack":[32],"robustness":[33],"to":[34,48,54,60,79,118,174,206,217,225],"out-of-distribution":[35],"(OOD)":[36],"inputs,":[37],"which":[38],"limits":[39],"their":[40],"deployment":[41],"real-world":[43],"scenarios.":[44,62],"This":[45],"study":[46],"aims":[47,78],"address":[49],"the":[50,124,132,184,188,211],"gap":[51],"simulations":[53],"real":[55],"deployments":[56],"by":[57,154,178],"fitting":[58],"OOD":[61,85,229],"We":[63,182],"propose":[64],"an":[65],"uncertainty-aware":[66],"framework":[68,77,133,186],"based":[69],"on":[70,187,236],"supervised":[71,208],"contrastive":[72],"(SupCon).":[74],"The":[75,148],"proposed":[76,185],"enhance":[80],"reliability,":[82],"particularly":[83],"under":[84,219,227],"conditions.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"framework,":[89],"a":[90,98,102,109,135,155],"ResNet-based":[91],"representation":[92,126,200],"model":[94,128],"that":[95,161,195],"consists":[96],"of":[97,111,157],"feature":[99],"extractor":[100],"projection":[103],"head":[104],"is":[105,172],"first":[106],"trained":[107],"using":[108],"combination":[110],"SupCon":[112],"loss":[113,117],"cross-entropy":[115],"(CE)":[116],"class-discriminative":[120],"embeddings.":[121],"By":[122],"decoupling":[123],"shared":[125],"from":[129,215,223],"task-specific":[130],"classifiers,":[131],"enables":[134],"modular":[136],"computationally":[138],"efficient":[139],"uncertainty":[140,167],"estimation":[141],"strategy,":[142],"avoiding":[143],"redundant":[144],"computation":[145],"during":[146],"inference.":[147],"learned":[149],"embeddings":[150],"are":[151],"then":[152],"processed":[153],"set":[156],"class-wise":[158],"binary":[159],"classifiers":[160],"provide":[162],"both":[163],"sample-wise":[166],"estimates.":[168],"A":[169],"rejection":[170],"mechanism":[171],"incorporated":[173],"improve":[175],"decision":[176],"reliability":[177,204],"discarding":[179],"uncertain":[180],"predictions.":[181,238],"evaluate":[183],"RadioML":[189],"2018":[190],"dataset.":[191],"Experimental":[192],"results":[193],"show":[194],"our":[196],"approach":[197],"significantly":[198],"improves":[199],"quality":[201],"compared":[205],"conventional":[207],"learning.":[209],"Specifically,":[210],"accuracy":[213],"increases":[214],"63.7%":[216],"93.6%":[218],"in-distribution":[220],"conditions,":[221],"30.8%":[224],"92.5%":[226],"50%":[228],"contamination,":[230],"while":[231],"maintaining":[232],"over":[233],"85%":[234],"recall":[235],"accepted":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T06:05:55.347736","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}