{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138932126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","title":"Blockchain Cooperative Spectrum Management for Wi-Fi and LTE-Unlicensed Coexistence Networks","display_name":"Blockchain Cooperative Spectrum Management for Wi-Fi and LTE-Unlicensed Coexistence Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138932126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129774024","display_name":"Ziqing Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziqing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042441651","display_name":"Zheng Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-820X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074223722","display_name":"Tommi Mikkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-9918"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommi Mikkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027913823","display_name":"Valerio Frascolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-2955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Frascolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121016914","display_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129774024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75238597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"6409","last_page":"6425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.6312000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.6312000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.164900004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6491000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.602400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5785999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.3718999922275543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6802999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6491000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.602400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5785999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5705000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134579502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455619","display_name":"Frequency allocation","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3675520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489748536","https://openalex.org/W1975726216","https://openalex.org/W2111024192","https://openalex.org/W2161792108","https://openalex.org/W2162598825","https://openalex.org/W2166348828","https://openalex.org/W2254825837","https://openalex.org/W2461185919","https://openalex.org/W2516263363","https://openalex.org/W2527800509","https://openalex.org/W2589315605","https://openalex.org/W2591961356","https://openalex.org/W2802499490","https://openalex.org/W2803011933","https://openalex.org/W2890950736","https://openalex.org/W2899409231","https://openalex.org/W2907175270","https://openalex.org/W2957492441","https://openalex.org/W2963914058","https://openalex.org/W2970405530","https://openalex.org/W2982499866","https://openalex.org/W3016353205","https://openalex.org/W3126926119","https://openalex.org/W3195053649","https://openalex.org/W4205291091","https://openalex.org/W4235820388","https://openalex.org/W4236909075","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4252999360","https://openalex.org/W4283735210","https://openalex.org/W4285272698","https://openalex.org/W4293150213","https://openalex.org/W4313062795","https://openalex.org/W4313132015","https://openalex.org/W4367146988","https://openalex.org/W4389961106","https://openalex.org/W4392158193","https://openalex.org/W4406011900","https://openalex.org/W4406657535","https://openalex.org/W4408951637","https://openalex.org/W4409211296","https://openalex.org/W4411688875","https://openalex.org/W4411799070"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficiently":[0],"running":[1],"services":[2],"in":[3,86,121],"the":[4,38,50,107,110],"worldwide":[5],"scattered":[6],"spectrum":[7,20,82],"bands":[8,14],"is":[9,31,101],"increasingly":[10],"difficult":[11],"as":[12],"those":[13],"get":[15],"ever":[16],"more":[17,40],"congested.":[18],"Unlicensed":[19],"offers":[21],"a":[22,69,78],"promising":[23],"solution":[24],"but":[25],"effective":[26],"coexistence":[27,93],"among":[28],"access":[29],"technologies":[30],"required":[32,45],"to":[33,71,118],"mitigate":[34],"interference":[35],"and":[36,53,74,77,84,88,103,116,124],"ensure":[37],"always":[39],"stringent":[41],"Quality":[42],"of":[43,55,109],"Service":[44],"by":[46],"new":[47],"services.":[48],"Besides,":[49],"increasing":[51],"number":[52],"complexity":[54],"security":[56,73],"threats":[57],"further":[58],"challenge":[59],"system":[60],"reliability.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"these":[64],"issues,":[65],"this":[66],"paper":[67],"proposes":[68],"mechanism":[70],"enhance":[72],"reliability":[75],",":[76],"blockchain-based":[79],"framework":[80],"for":[81],"sensing":[83,114],"sharing":[85],"Wi-Fi":[87],"Long":[89],"Term":[90],"Evolution-Unlicensed":[91],"(LTE-U)":[92],"networks.":[94],"Performance":[95],"under":[96],"different":[97],"channel":[98],"fading":[99],"models":[100],"analyzed,":[102],"obtained":[104],"results":[105],"show":[106],"effectiveness":[108],"proposed":[111],"scheme,":[112],"improved":[113],"accuracy,":[115],"resistance":[117],"malicious":[119],"behavior":[120],"both":[122],"low-":[123],"high-density":[125],"scenarios.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T13:48:15.688549","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
