{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134837822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3672183","title":"Exploring the Advantages of Sparse Arrays in Near-Field XL-MIMO Systems: Beam Analysis and EDoF Function","display_name":"Exploring the Advantages of Sparse Arrays in Near-Field XL-MIMO Systems: Beam Analysis and EDoF Function","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134837822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3672183"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3672183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3672183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013214071","display_name":"Xianzhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8730-1804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128660111","display_name":"Hong Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779393","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-9592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013214071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56703563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"6213","last_page":"6227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.2687000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.2687000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.16670000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.15800000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/main-lobe","display_name":"Main lobe","score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating","display_name":"Grating","score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-lobe","display_name":"Side lobe","score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166923610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673925","display_name":"Main lobe","level":3,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181856588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2040092","display_name":"Side lobe","level":3,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119440689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876179","display_name":"Beam diameter","level":4,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509353","display_name":"Leaky wave antenna","level":4,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3672183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3672183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7346993684768677}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365833588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2905100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5298968265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62350710796","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,24,89,114],"investigates":[2],"near-field":[3],"extremely":[4],"large-scale":[5],"multiple-input":[6],"multiple-output":[7],"(XL-MIMO)":[8],"systems":[9,104],"with":[10,42,105,127],"sparse":[11,106],"uniform":[12],"planar":[13],"arrays":[14],"(UPAs).":[15],"Based":[16,48],"on":[17,49,94],"the":[18,23,29,34,38,45,54,58,66,70,78,83,88,113,138,141],"Green\u2019s":[19],"function-based":[20],"channel":[21],"model,":[22],"derives":[25],"closed-form":[26,51,121],"expressions":[27,52],"for":[28,53],"signal":[30],"beam":[31],"power":[32],"when":[33],"distance":[35,80],"coordinate":[36],"or":[37,82],"angular":[39],"coordinates":[40],"varies":[41],"respective":[43],"to":[44,118],"focused":[46],"position.":[47],"that,":[50],"lobe":[55,72],"length":[56],"and":[57,69,130],"suppressing":[59],"ratio":[60],"are":[61],"obtained,":[62],"indicating":[63],"that":[64],"both":[65],"distance-focusing":[67],"property":[68],"grating":[71],"behavior":[73],"can":[74,108,124],"be":[75,109],"enhanced":[76],"as":[77],"focal":[79],"decreases":[81],"antenna":[84],"spacing":[85],"increases.":[86],"Furthermore,":[87],"introduces":[90],"a":[91,120],"crucial":[92],"constraint":[93],"system":[95],"parameters,":[96],"under":[97],"which":[98,123],"effective":[99],"degrees-of-freedom":[100],"(EDoF)":[101],"of":[102,140,144],"XL-MIMO":[103],"UPAs":[107],"precisely":[110],"estimated.":[111],"Then,":[112],"proposes":[115],"an":[116],"algorithm":[117],"obtain":[119],"expression,":[122],"estimate":[125],"EDoF":[126],"high":[128],"accuracy":[129],"low":[131],"computational":[132],"complexity.":[133],"The":[134],"numerical":[135],"results":[136,143],"verifies":[137],"correctness":[139],"main":[142],"this":[145],"paper.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-03-11T00:00:00"}