{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131625306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3668175","title":"TOA Estimation Based on Multi-Band CSI Exploiting the Structure of the Correlation Matrix","display_name":"TOA Estimation Based on Multi-Band CSI Exploiting the Structure of the Correlation Matrix","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131625306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3668175"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3668175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3668175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123768529","display_name":"Jiawei Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079422735","display_name":"Jiancun Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancun Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044997203","display_name":"Shiyu Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-1738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126900124","display_name":"Jie Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123768529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48505621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"6493","last_page":"6507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.29840001463890076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.29840001463890076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.0723000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.05420000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.623199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5468999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.400299996137619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7099000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6783000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.623199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5468999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163018871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302587","display_name":"Cross-correlation","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3668175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3668175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2856421235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 62471381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327720","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327720","display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894039498","https://openalex.org/W1972680559","https://openalex.org/W1985936705","https://openalex.org/W1993784401","https://openalex.org/W1995128708","https://openalex.org/W2029521171","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2070221332","https://openalex.org/W2074380172","https://openalex.org/W2096710051","https://openalex.org/W2101417447","https://openalex.org/W2102624854","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2118686117","https://openalex.org/W2118991476","https://openalex.org/W2137628444","https://openalex.org/W2141461755","https://openalex.org/W2145998817","https://openalex.org/W2147628505","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2152524816","https://openalex.org/W2157326466","https://openalex.org/W2158541895","https://openalex.org/W2159542735","https://openalex.org/W2165077335","https://openalex.org/W2296150501","https://openalex.org/W2339230339","https://openalex.org/W2544303995","https://openalex.org/W2810476632","https://openalex.org/W2897315508","https://openalex.org/W2907170925","https://openalex.org/W2940211112","https://openalex.org/W2970394114","https://openalex.org/W3099415015","https://openalex.org/W3161626258","https://openalex.org/W3204125990","https://openalex.org/W4406046753"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,68],"the":[1,16,32,96,109,114,135,143],"future":[2],"generation":[3],"of":[4,18,34],"mobile":[5],"communication":[6],"systems,":[7],"many":[8],"scenarios":[9],"will":[10],"require":[11],"high-resolution":[12],"range-based":[13],"positioning.":[14],"However,":[15],"accuracy":[17,166],"time-of-arrival":[19],"(TOA)":[20],"estimation":[21,56,76],"algorithms":[22,160],"for":[23,54,98,113,124],"single":[24],"wideband":[25,66],"systems":[26],"is":[27,57],"generally":[28],"limited":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,47,134,158,171],"constraints":[33],"available":[35,40],"bandwidth.":[36],"Currently,":[37],"leveraging":[38],"multiple":[39],"frequency":[41,45],"bands":[42],"and":[43,86,101,118,140,161],"carrier":[44],"switching":[46],"obtain":[48],"multi-band":[49,79,115,173],"channel":[50],"state":[51],"information":[52],"(CSI)":[53],"TOA":[55,75],"gaining":[58],"popularity,":[59],"as":[60],"it":[61],"effectively":[62],"constructs":[63],"an":[64],"equivalent":[65],"signal.":[67],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"we":[71],"proposed":[72,93,144],"a":[73,83,120],"subspace-based":[74],"algorithm":[77,94,132,153],"using":[78],"CSI":[80],"by":[81],"constructing":[82],"correlation":[84],"matrix":[85],"then":[87],"exploiting":[88],"its":[89],"mathematical":[90],"properties.":[91],"The":[92],"eliminates":[95],"need":[97],"grid":[99],"search":[100],"thus":[102],"has":[103],"lower":[104,122,145],"computational":[105],"complexity.":[106],"We":[107],"analyze":[108],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[110],"Bound":[111],"(CRB)":[112],"data":[116],"model":[117],"derive":[119],"tighter":[121],"bound":[123,146],"our":[125,131,152],"algorithm.":[126],"Simulation":[127],"results":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130],"converges":[133],"CRB":[136],"at":[137],"high":[138],"SNR":[139,149],"closely":[141],"follows":[142],"across":[147],"all":[148],"levels.":[150],"Additionally,":[151],"demonstrates":[154],"superior":[155],"performance":[156],"compared":[157,170],"single-band":[159],"offers":[162],"advantages":[163],"in":[164],"either":[165],"or":[167],"complexity":[168],"when":[169],"other":[172],"algorithms.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}