{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125899868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3659026","title":"Bat Algorithm-Based Energy Beamforming for Wireless Power Transfer With Dynamic Metasurface Antennas","display_name":"Bat Algorithm-Based Energy Beamforming for Wireless Power Transfer With Dynamic Metasurface Antennas","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125899868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3659026"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3659026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3659026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025413572","display_name":"Ricardo Souza Senandes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Souza Senandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology–Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology–Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123791363","display_name":"Glauber Brante","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glauber Brante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology–Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology–Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124124767","display_name":"Richard Demo Souza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4104125","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/041akq887","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Demo Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEEL), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEEL), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124083721","display_name":"Amirhossein Azarbahram","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Azarbahram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034968363","display_name":"Onel L. Alcaraz L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-5183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onel Luis Alcaraz L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025413572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1983151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"4078","last_page":"4089"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.8098999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.8098999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.15299999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.8414000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.604200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5672000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.47859999537467957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.8414000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6751999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.604200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5672000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106447425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11379","display_name":"Energy transfer","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3659026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3659026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9108328819274902,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2475052590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"348515 - UPRISING","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2760762640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"307226/2021-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2770929932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RNP/MCTI Brasil 6G (01245.020548/2021-07)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","funder_display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7113683726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Ci?ncia por Elas (APQ-04523-23)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7252779763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"346208 - 6G Flagship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8104560750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"305021/2021-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa","ror":"https://ror.org/04hztxs45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/00nc55f03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024518622","https://openalex.org/W2041967912","https://openalex.org/W2149831971","https://openalex.org/W2161934507","https://openalex.org/W2177372563","https://openalex.org/W2767817194","https://openalex.org/W2788331441","https://openalex.org/W2805657678","https://openalex.org/W2956059314","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W3120316304","https://openalex.org/W3120822682","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3193637561","https://openalex.org/W3206252136","https://openalex.org/W3208383956","https://openalex.org/W4205420631","https://openalex.org/W4211154092","https://openalex.org/W4226067766","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4289535806","https://openalex.org/W4312203867","https://openalex.org/W4317434722","https://openalex.org/W4320029345","https://openalex.org/W4361983735","https://openalex.org/W4372263905","https://openalex.org/W4378842078","https://openalex.org/W4389776622","https://openalex.org/W4389987212","https://openalex.org/W4393065864","https://openalex.org/W4396754493","https://openalex.org/W4403182235","https://openalex.org/W4404809428","https://openalex.org/W4405600770","https://openalex.org/W4411143104"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,24,31,87,94,115,118],"problem":[4],"of":[5,41,117],"energy":[6],"beamforming":[7,32],"for":[8,125],"wireless":[9],"power":[10,46,75,106],"transfer":[11,76],"(WPT)":[12],"using":[13],"dynamic":[14],"metasurface":[15],"antennas":[16],"(DMAs).We":[17],"propose":[18],"a":[19,64,122],"novel":[20],"solution":[21,124],"based":[22],"on":[23,99],"bat":[25],"algorithm":[26],"(BA)":[27],"to":[28],"efficiently":[29],"optimize":[30],"process.":[33],"The":[34],"proposed":[35,119],"BA-based":[36,88],"scheme":[37],"enables":[38],"simultaneous":[39],"charging":[40],"multiple":[42],"devices":[43],"while":[44],"avoiding":[45],"transmission":[47],"in":[48,93],"specific":[49],"directions,":[50],"such":[51],"as":[52,121],"areas":[53],"where":[54],"people":[55],"or":[56],"animals":[57],"may":[58],"be":[59],"present.":[60],"Our":[61],"approach":[62],"provides":[63],"robust":[65],"and":[66,80,108],"computationally":[67],"efficient":[68],"solution,":[69],"considering":[70],"key":[71],"system":[72],"constraints,":[73],"including":[74],"efficiency,":[77],"antenna":[78],"configurations,":[79],"DMA":[81],"characteristics.":[82],"Simulation":[83],"results":[84],"demonstrate":[85],"that":[86],"method":[89,120],"outperforms":[90],"existing":[91],"techniques":[92],"literature,":[95],"particularly":[96],"those":[97],"relying":[98],"alternating":[100],"optimization,":[101],"by":[102],"achieving":[103],"lower":[104],"total":[105],"consumption":[107],"reduced":[109],"computational":[110],"complexity.":[111],"These":[112],"findings":[113],"highlight":[114],"potential":[116],"promising":[123],"future":[126],"WPT":[127],"systems":[128],"employing":[129],"DMAs.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}