{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123362367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3652525","title":"Impact of Beam Patterns on THz Massive MIMO Channel Characteristics for 6G Asymmetric Communications Systems","display_name":"Impact of Beam Patterns on THz Massive MIMO Channel Characteristics for 6G Asymmetric Communications Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123362367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3652525"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3652525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3652525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084169778","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-3551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122867269","display_name":"Cheng-Xiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122902713","display_name":"Jie Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122908057","display_name":"El-Hadi M. Aggoune","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"el-Hadi M. Aggoune","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084169778"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08075266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"3437","last_page":"3450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.6704000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.6704000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.26809999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7907999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7677000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6776999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.46880000829696655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7907999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7677000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6776999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779609627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554308","display_name":"Link level","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2026.3652525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2026.3652525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.46857333183288574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4036520022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401646","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5426898190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242023K5003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G566322634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6547310886","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRP-2025-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8482365715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997954721","https://openalex.org/W2034667789","https://openalex.org/W2067053461","https://openalex.org/W2096886380","https://openalex.org/W2104770042","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2294775169","https://openalex.org/W2302928140","https://openalex.org/W2567050201","https://openalex.org/W2624878235","https://openalex.org/W2766206394","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2962880332","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2989983234","https://openalex.org/W3007303892","https://openalex.org/W3007749181","https://openalex.org/W3014571735","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3093929720","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3120167720","https://openalex.org/W3120342094","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3130146661","https://openalex.org/W3144404977","https://openalex.org/W3155110107","https://openalex.org/W3176056045","https://openalex.org/W3194281015","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3199376397","https://openalex.org/W3202699980","https://openalex.org/W3204308155","https://openalex.org/W3210963617","https://openalex.org/W3212186380","https://openalex.org/W3216436933","https://openalex.org/W4206700475","https://openalex.org/W4206755437","https://openalex.org/W4214898014","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4282032534","https://openalex.org/W4285192749","https://openalex.org/W4290996772","https://openalex.org/W4295308283","https://openalex.org/W4296437445","https://openalex.org/W4312406976","https://openalex.org/W4312986535","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4327521949","https://openalex.org/W4386025761","https://openalex.org/W4410866793"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(MIMO)":[3],"technologies":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"greatly":[7],"developed":[8],"for":[9,30,43],"the":[10,50,94,121,127,135,146],"sixth-generation":[11],"(6G)":[12],"communication":[13,23,47],"systems.":[14],"Based":[15],"on":[16,68],"full-digital":[17],"antenna":[18,84],"arrays,":[19],"asymmetric":[20,44],"massive":[21,45,65],"MIMO":[22,46,66],"systems":[24,48],"can":[25,149],"provide":[26],"distinct":[27],"beamforming":[28],"patterns":[29,55,86,137],"uplink":[31,78],"and":[32,71,79,87,102,111,130,155],"downlink":[33,80],"chains.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"a":[38],"terahertz":[39],"(THz)":[40],"channel":[41,62,95,100,107,147],"model":[42,60,96],"considering":[49],"influence":[51],"of":[52,64,93],"different":[53,114],"beam":[54,85,115,136,157],"is":[56,81,142],"proposed.":[57],"The":[58,75,90,117],"proposed":[59],"incorporates":[61],"characteristics":[63,101],"based":[67],"spherical-wavefront":[69],"modeling":[70],"distance-dependent":[72],"steering":[73],"vectors.":[74],"asymmetry":[76],"between":[77],"considered":[82],"through":[83],"array":[88],"configurations.":[89],"statistical":[91],"properties":[92],"are":[97,109,138],"derived.":[98],"These":[99],"system":[103],"performance,":[104],"such":[105],"as":[106],"capacity,":[108],"simulated":[110],"compared":[112],"under":[113],"patterns.":[116,158],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120,145],"space-time-frequency":[122],"(STF)":[123],"correlations":[124],"increase":[125],"while":[126],"delay":[128],"spread":[129,132],"angular":[131],"decrease":[133],"when":[134],"more":[139],"concentrated.":[140],"It":[141],"also":[143],"found":[144],"capacity":[148],"be":[150],"increased":[151],"by":[152],"utilizing":[153],"high-gain":[154],"narrow":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
