{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117875456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3650388","title":"UAV-Assisted Multi-User Downlink Covert Communication Based on Lightweight Agents","display_name":"UAV-Assisted Multi-User Downlink Covert Communication Based on Lightweight Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117875456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3650388"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3650388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3650388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008463698","display_name":"Yinshuang Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinshuang Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shu Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-9724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121209162","display_name":"Liuguo Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuguo Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420016","display_name":"F. Richard Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Richard Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008463698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00433587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"3147","last_page":"3161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8981000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8981000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knapsack-problem","display_name":"Knapsack problem","score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4214000105857849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6876999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3650388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3650388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8927120566368103}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1651419078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4467079662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271093.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7263726348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2998795925","https://openalex.org/W3092311181","https://openalex.org/W3125553008","https://openalex.org/W3137298777","https://openalex.org/W3167837530","https://openalex.org/W3168211341","https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W3197491224","https://openalex.org/W3210687573","https://openalex.org/W4213191624","https://openalex.org/W4283323993","https://openalex.org/W4285132117","https://openalex.org/W4285413970","https://openalex.org/W4312319408","https://openalex.org/W4319990061","https://openalex.org/W4320008886","https://openalex.org/W4323022479","https://openalex.org/W4366147753","https://openalex.org/W4366310746","https://openalex.org/W4366503903","https://openalex.org/W4376454753","https://openalex.org/W4379741411","https://openalex.org/W4379928101","https://openalex.org/W4383212206","https://openalex.org/W4387682036","https://openalex.org/W4387917801","https://openalex.org/W4388666518","https://openalex.org/W4389252671","https://openalex.org/W4389318000","https://openalex.org/W4391128528","https://openalex.org/W4391791355","https://openalex.org/W4392158213","https://openalex.org/W4392939660","https://openalex.org/W4392969956","https://openalex.org/W4393180251","https://openalex.org/W4399801180","https://openalex.org/W4402129292","https://openalex.org/W4402473912","https://openalex.org/W4402838401","https://openalex.org/W4403420686","https://openalex.org/W4404411601","https://openalex.org/W4404809260","https://openalex.org/W4405489491","https://openalex.org/W4405812142","https://openalex.org/W4406019900","https://openalex.org/W4407128923","https://openalex.org/W4407638217","https://openalex.org/W4408790474","https://openalex.org/W4408935405","https://openalex.org/W4409356359","https://openalex.org/W4409762586"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,171],"covert":[1,68],"communication":[2,37,69],"scenario":[3,70],"with":[4,149,187],"multiple":[5,13],"users":[6],"involved":[7],"needs":[8],"to":[9,48,60,123],"take":[10],"into":[11],"account":[12],"conflicting":[14],"optimization":[15],"goals,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"maximizing":[19],"the":[20,34,79,84,98,105,110,118,125,137,144,150,176,188],"number":[21],"of":[22,51,78,104,147,153],"served":[23],"users,":[24],"minimizing":[25],"service":[26],"energy":[27,86,180],"consumption,":[28,87],"and":[29,56,83,101,113,164],"balancing":[30],"resource":[31],"allocation.":[32],"And":[33],"UAV-assisted":[35,65],"multi-user":[36,66],"is":[38,46,71,91,107,161],"a":[39,63,88,94,132,157],"typical":[40],"knapsack":[41],"traveling":[42],"salesman":[43],"problem,":[44],"which":[45],"difficult":[47],"solve":[49],"because":[50],"its":[52],"large":[53],"solution":[54,90,96],"space":[55],"NP-hard":[57],"nature.":[58],"Therefore,":[59],"address":[61],"this,":[62],"novel":[64],"downlink":[67],"considered.":[72],"To":[73],"find":[74],"an":[75],"optimal":[76],"balance":[77],"maximum":[80],"transmission":[81,102],"rate":[82],"minimum":[85],"low-complexity":[89],"proposed.":[92],"First,":[93],"closed-form":[95],"for":[97,136],"hovering":[99],"position":[100],"power":[103],"UAV":[106],"deduced.":[108],"Then,":[109],"user":[111],"selection":[112],"trajectory":[114],"planning":[115],"results":[116,173],"from":[117],"heuristic":[119],"algorithm":[120],"are":[121],"used":[122],"initialize":[124],"deep":[126],"reinforcement":[127],"learning":[128],"(DRL)":[129],"agent,":[130],"providing":[131],"superior":[133],"starting":[134],"point":[135],"subsequent":[138],"policy":[139],"search.":[140],"This":[141],"strategy":[142],"combines":[143],"fast":[145],"convergence":[146],"heuristics":[148],"dynamic":[151],"adaptability":[152],"DRL,":[154],"resulting":[155],"in":[156],"final":[158],"design":[159],"that":[160,175],"more":[162],"efficient":[163],"lightweight":[165],"than":[166],"conventional,":[167],"pure":[168],"DRL-based":[169],"methods.":[170],"simulation":[172],"demonstrate":[174],"proposed":[177],"scheme":[178],"improves":[179],"efficiency":[181],"by":[182],"at":[183],"least":[184],"40%":[185],"compared":[186],"benchmark":[189],"scheme.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-01T00:00:00"}
