{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116702763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3646807","title":"Joint Beamforming and Z-Chain Structuralization for Satellite-Assisted Multi-Hop Networks","display_name":"Joint Beamforming and Z-Chain Structuralization for Satellite-Assisted Multi-Hop Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116702763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3646807"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3646807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3646807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113084269","display_name":"Zihao XIANG","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101198292","display_name":"Mr Ning Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121005404","display_name":"Wei Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120981428","display_name":"Jianhua Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113084269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70578968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"2420","last_page":"2433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8539000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8539000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.08219999819993973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5963000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5752999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.43650001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5963000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5752999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83204339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523915","display_name":"Single antenna interference cancellation","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146064661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186152","display_name":"Array data structure","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988395205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Beam pattern","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3646807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3646807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6346646547317505,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1392091062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0701601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3462742261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62425110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336618","display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Suzhou","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026702907","https://openalex.org/W2064276949","https://openalex.org/W2080761305","https://openalex.org/W2097463269","https://openalex.org/W2105972717","https://openalex.org/W2137775453","https://openalex.org/W2338683460","https://openalex.org/W2580814039","https://openalex.org/W2622148624","https://openalex.org/W3022461000","https://openalex.org/W3033898388","https://openalex.org/W3098949437","https://openalex.org/W3139228879","https://openalex.org/W3209468212","https://openalex.org/W4206288952","https://openalex.org/W4308207293","https://openalex.org/W4312372688","https://openalex.org/W4319341833","https://openalex.org/W4378077928","https://openalex.org/W4385413386","https://openalex.org/W4388622927","https://openalex.org/W4393170764","https://openalex.org/W4399938976","https://openalex.org/W4401635331","https://openalex.org/W4403826468","https://openalex.org/W4405305887","https://openalex.org/W4414539935","https://openalex.org/W7082975284"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-hop":[0],"networks":[1,159],"are":[2,14],"vital":[3],"for":[4,57,156],"establishing":[5],"emergency":[6],"communications,":[7],"in":[8,61,163],"case":[9],"the":[10,39,47,52,62,67,71,77,85,88,125],"terrestrial":[11],"communication":[12],"infrastructures":[13],"compromised.":[15],"Organizing":[16],"nodes":[17,40],"into":[18],"specific":[19],"structures":[20],"can":[21],"enhance":[22,36],"system":[23],"resilience":[24],"and":[25,38,99,114,166],"efficiency.":[26],"To":[27,91],"this":[28],"end,":[29],"we":[30,102],"consider":[31],"using":[32],"directional":[33],"antennas":[34],"to":[35,76,141],"transmission,":[37],"form":[41],"a":[42,153],"Z-chain":[43,89,127,150],"structure":[44,113,128,151],"based":[45],"on":[46],"location":[48],"information":[49],"provided":[50],"by":[51,117,134],"satellite.":[53],"The":[54,149],"core":[55],"mechanism":[56],"performance":[58,93],"gain":[59],"lies":[60],"spatial":[63],"separation":[64],"that":[65,109,124],"shifts":[66],"dominant":[68],"interference":[69,138],"from":[70,95,139],"high-gain":[72],"antenna":[73,96],"main":[74],"lobes":[75],"attenuated":[78],"side":[79],"lobes.":[80],"An":[81],"exhaustive":[82],"search":[83],"demonstrates":[84],"optimality":[86],"of":[87],"configuration.":[90],"combat":[92],"degradation":[94],"pointing":[97],"errors":[98],"node":[100],"drift,":[101],"introduce":[103],"an":[104],"alternating":[105],"Newton":[106],"method":[107],"(ANM)":[108],"jointly":[110],"optimizes":[111],"network":[112],"beam":[115],"configurations":[116],"minimizing":[118],"single-hop":[119],"outage":[120],"probability.":[121],"Simulations":[122],"show":[123],"proposed":[126],"surpasses":[129],"existing":[130],"linear":[131],"relay":[132,147],"designs":[133],"converting":[135],"most":[136],"intra-chain":[137],"main-lobe":[140],"side-lobe":[142],"directions,":[143],"albeit":[144],"with":[145,160],"additional":[146],"nodes.":[148],"offers":[152],"promising":[154],"paradigm":[155],"high-performance":[157],"wireless":[158],"potential":[161],"applications":[162],"terrestrial,":[164],"aerial,":[165],"space":[167],"communications.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}