{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416650083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3637026","title":"Unbalanced Spectrum Tensor-Based Multi-Band 3D Spectrum Cartography","display_name":"Unbalanced Spectrum Tensor-Based Multi-Band 3D Spectrum Cartography","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416650083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3637026"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3637026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3637026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-6532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-6532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101767591","display_name":"Bin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-7566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026001950","display_name":"Xiaoge Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-9606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoge Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-9606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084338675","display_name":"Qianbin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianbin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-6860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30230572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1876","last_page":"1891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12303","display_name":"Tensor decomposition and applications","score":0.8137999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2605","display_name":"Computational Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12303","display_name":"Tensor decomposition and applications","score":0.8137999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2605","display_name":"Computational Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","score":0.7328000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorization","display_name":"Factorization","score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-spectrum-analysis","display_name":"Singular spectrum analysis","score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.374099999666214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.7328000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6212000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187834632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188804","display_name":"Factorization","level":2,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136272165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048889","display_name":"Singular spectrum analysis","level":3,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92207270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939253","display_name":"Matrix norm","level":3,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109282560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4166054","display_name":"Singular value","level":3,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Efficient algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20178491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2204117","display_name":"Symmetric tensor","level":3,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166077713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758924","display_name":"Tensor field","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62799726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190056","display_name":"Hilbert space","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3637026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3637026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4704668051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BYJS202315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322687","funder_display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G580515609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322687","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038891887","https://openalex.org/W2091449379","https://openalex.org/W2091484400","https://openalex.org/W2574081677","https://openalex.org/W2607059137","https://openalex.org/W2763697523","https://openalex.org/W2889210442","https://openalex.org/W2908215763","https://openalex.org/W2909013530","https://openalex.org/W2991033093","https://openalex.org/W2999797575","https://openalex.org/W3015769828","https://openalex.org/W3089795248","https://openalex.org/W3112409853","https://openalex.org/W3115810595","https://openalex.org/W3121114532","https://openalex.org/W3159843227","https://openalex.org/W3160785387","https://openalex.org/W3200346087","https://openalex.org/W3214938646","https://openalex.org/W4285133964","https://openalex.org/W4286539639","https://openalex.org/W4312607144","https://openalex.org/W4313291254","https://openalex.org/W4315629969","https://openalex.org/W4317470248","https://openalex.org/W4317796275","https://openalex.org/W4319341854","https://openalex.org/W4366147351","https://openalex.org/W4367032290","https://openalex.org/W4389987942","https://openalex.org/W4392152244","https://openalex.org/W4396853431","https://openalex.org/W4400525040","https://openalex.org/W4401536878","https://openalex.org/W4401990269","https://openalex.org/W4402468037","https://openalex.org/W4406689848","https://openalex.org/W4410953802","https://openalex.org/W4413787001"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"cartography":[1],"(SC)":[2],"based":[3,23,88],"on":[4,24,89],"tensor":[5,41,134,146,150],"completion":[6,42,147,151],"has":[7],"been":[8],"extensively":[9],"studied":[10],"in":[11,18,95],"recent":[12],"years,":[13],"with":[14,51],"most":[15,200],"algorithms":[16,43,68,87],"operating":[17],"two-dimensional":[19],"(2D)":[20],"regions":[21],"and":[22,144],"balanced":[25,109,142],"spectrum":[26,76,91,103],"tensors":[27,92,104,110],"only.":[28],"To":[29,78],"meet":[30],"the":[31,39,61,112,119,130,156,163,174,184,189,205],"growing":[32],"demand":[33],"for":[34,128],"three-dimensional":[35],"(3D)":[36],"SC,":[37],"expanding":[38],"2D":[40],"to":[44,59,123,139],"3D":[45,85,96],"versions":[46],"is":[47,137,152],"either":[48,155],"straightforwardly":[49],"applicable":[50],"an":[52],"intrinsic":[53],"accuracy":[54],"deficiency":[55],"or":[56,162],"technically":[57],"challenging":[58],"process":[60],"3D-structured":[62],"spatial":[63],"data":[64],"meticulously.":[65],"Additionally,":[66],"these":[67,80],"suffer":[69],"significant":[70],"performance":[71,195],"degradation":[72],"when":[73],"encountering":[74],"unbalanced":[75,90,102,120],"tensors.":[77],"address":[79],"issues,":[81],"we":[82],"propose":[83],"multi-band":[84],"SC":[86],"sporadically":[93],"collected":[94],"space":[97],"across":[98],"multiple":[99],"bands.":[100],"The":[101],"are":[105],"first":[106],"transformed":[107],"into":[108],"using":[111,154],"3D-based":[113],"ket":[114],"augmentation":[115],"algorithm":[116,176,191],"(3DKA),":[117],"overcoming":[118],"tensor\u2019s":[121],"incapability":[122],"leverage":[124],"its":[125],"low":[126],"rank":[127],"estimating":[129],"entire":[131],"tensor.":[132],"Subsequently,":[133],"train":[135],"matricization":[136],"employed":[138],"obtain":[140],"more":[141],"matrices":[143],"improve":[145],"accuracy.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"accomplished":[153],"3DKA-aided":[157],"parallel":[158],"matrix":[159],"factorization":[160],"(3DKA-PMF)":[161],"Frobenius":[164],"norm-based":[165],"singular":[166],"value":[167],"decomposition-free":[168],"(3DKA-SVDF)":[169],"algorithm.":[170,187,207],"Simulations":[171],"show":[172],"that":[173,203],"3DKA-PMF":[175,206],"achieves":[177],"a":[178],"minimum":[179],"improvement":[180],"of":[181,202,204],"20.06%":[182],"over":[183],"conventional":[185],"PMF":[186],"Notably,":[188],"3DKA-SVDF":[190],"exhibits":[192],"slightly":[193],"inferior":[194],"but":[196],"significantly":[197],"shorter":[198],"runtime\u2014at":[199],"58.3%":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}